Translation Techniques of Subtitling: A Case for Trolls Movie

The research aims to analyze the translation techniques of subtitling used on Trolls movie. This research use a qualitative research. The content analysis is used as a method to identify and analyze the translation techniques in Trolls movie. Every utterance in five scenes of Trolls movie are the unit of analysis of this research. The source language is English and the target language is Indonesian Language. The result proves that the translation technique that mostly appears on Trolls movie (2016) is reduction with 8 data (26.67%). It seems that this technique is used to compress the information from the source language so that it will not be too long because it will be applied in subtitle; it results the shortest translation version to be applied to movie or film subtitle so that it will be easier for the viewers to catch the information and it will not distract the visual from the film that is being shown; and it can avoid the redundancy of the source language.


Introduction
The main purpose of translation in a movie is to make the audience understand about the message and information delivered by the author. The translated text is considered successful if it can provide similar meaning to the original text (Newmark, 1988). If one language is translated into the other language, it will be difficult because there will be a differences between language and culture system in source language and the target language. It also happens in translating a film.
Film is one of audio-visual media that can reach a lot of people from different ages.
Film is one of the tools of media to inform the public through sound and moving images, so that the audience can easily receive the message that is conveyed in the film. There are also a lot of film genres that have been produced by the film industry to catch the audiences, such as family, romance, comedy, horror, thriller, action, adventure, etc. The problem happens when the film is in foreign language and there should be translator to translate the film so that it can be understood by the certain target audience. Subtitling is of of method to overcome that problem.
Actually, there are two kind of methods that can be used to facilitate the communication between the audience and film, subtitling and dubbing. O'connel (2007) states that subtitling is defined as supplementing the original voice soundtrack by adding written text. So the subtitle is a written meaning from the spoken sound from the film. It will change if the dialogue of the characters in the film change. Translator is the person who takes role to handle it. The translator should be able to translate between the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) carefully, that is why translator is a good receiver and producer. In brief, translation can be concluded as a process of rendering a thought from one language to another language accurately in a written form by conforming its grammar, syntax, and cultural aspect.

Translation Techniques
Technique or procedure in translation basically refers to the way of how the translators solve their problem. As Baihaqi (2017) stated that translation procedure is a practical step in analyzing and solving the problems in translation practices.

Result
Poppy's utterances analysis results in Trolls film are shown is Table 1 below. The translator translate the source language " just wondering if I could borrow something?" into the target language "boleh pinjam sesuatu?".
In This context is found while Poppy has a conversation with Branch in his bunker.
Branch states the sentence to tease Poppy.
Poppy replies with "celebrant". The translator translates it into the target language "ejekan bagus". Meanwhile, the real meaning for "celebrant" is "perayaan".
In the above utterances, the source language is translated in the target language using discursive creation translation techniques. This discursive creation technique is often used in translating titles of movie, books, and novels.
Poppy's utterance "celebrant, Branch" from the source language is translated to "ejekan bagus, Branch" in the target language. The phrase "ejekan bagus" in the context of the film is a picture of Poppy's annoyed feeling because Branch keeps teasing her by translator intended to create the text so as not to appear monotone and seen there is a touch of creation. So the audience did not get bored while watching the movie.

Borrowing
Borrowing is a process of translation techniques that uses words or phrases from the source language in the target language. Loaning technique without any change called pure borrowing and naturalized borrowing is borrowing words from source language tailored to the spelling of the target language. This technique appears twice in the five scenes (6,67%).

SL
: No Troll ever will be.

TL : Bunkermu.
Excerpt 1 appears when Poppy is reading a story for the kids. Excerpt 2 occurs when Poppy is talking to Branch.
In the above utterances, the source language is translated in the target language using pure borrowing translation techniques. The words "Troll" and "bunker" Poppy's utterances "You can't say no" and "now I don't know what to do" from the source language translated become "kau tak bisa menolak" and "sekarang aku bingung harus apa" in the target language. Poppy's words are translated in the target language by replacing the grammatical category of the source language in the target language. In this context the phrase from the source language is converted into a word in the target language.
The translator replaces the grammatical category of the source language in the target language, in this context the phrase from the source language is converted into a word in the target language in order to summarize and simplify the message to be conveyed in the film to the audience.

Literal Translation
Literal translation is a process of translation technique that diverts a phrase from a source language word-by-word into a target language. This translation technique only can be found once from the five scenes (3,33%).
The context in the quote in this film is when Poppy is in Branch bunker. In the above utterance, the source language is translated in the target language using the translation technique of literal translation.
The literal translation technique is translated word for word or its grammatical structure exactly between the source language and the target language.
Poppy's utterance "The Bergen's gone" from the source language istranslated word for word become "Bergen sudah pergi" in the target language. The structure of the language is exactly the same between the source language and the target language and that is why this

Discussion
The translation technique mostly found from Poppy's utterances in Trolls film (2016) is reduction with 26,67% (Table 1). This translation technique is used by condensing some words from the source language when translating it to the target language without changing the purpose of the source language.
This translation technique is used to compress the information from the source language so that it will not be too long because it will be applied in subtitle. Ghaemi and Janin (2010)  (TL). The source language contains 10 words meanwhile the target language only contains 5 words. It means that the translator chooses to condens the information from the source language without changing the real purpose.
In the excerpt is stated that Poppy wants to "borrow" something from Branch and it is still stated in the target language as "pinjam". coordinate conjuction and appears 7 times in the source language meanwhile it only appears once in the target language. The word "and" is equivalent conjunction (wordword, phrase -phrase, clause -clause, sentence -sentence). It is a included in the regular conjuctive word. Based on punctuation rules, it commons to put it only once for the last word, phrase, clause, or sentence that will be stated.

Conclusion
The translation technique that mostly appears in Poppy's utterance of Trolls movie (2016) is reduction with 8 data (26,67%).
Reduction is a process of translation techniques that condenses the information contained from the source language into the target language. Compress of information performed should not alter messages in the source language text. The translator compresses information from the source language into the target language to summarize the text without altering the message to be delivered to the audience.