A Case Control Study on The Relationship Between Bodey Mass Index as a Risk Factors for Incidence of Cholelithiasis at RSUD Banten

Abstract

Cholelithiasis is a condition where stones form in the gallbladder or bile ducts and its prevalence is increasing in Indonesia. Various risk factors have been identified, with high Body Mass Index (BMI) being one of the dominant risk factors. This study aims to analyze the relationship between BMI and the incidence of Cholelithiasis in various age groups at Banten Regional Hospital. The study used a case-control design with 80 respondents (40 cases and 40 controls) taken from the medical record data of Banten Regional Hospital for the period January 2023-May 2024. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with a significance level of α=0.05. The results showed that in the case group, the majority of respondents had excessive BMI (≥23 kg/m²) as much as 75.0%, while in the control group as much as 42.5%. There is a significant relationship between BMI and the incidence of Cholelithiasis (p=0.025) with a risk of 4.182 times greater in patients with excess BMI than underweight BMI. Analysis in various age groups showed that the relationship between BMI and Cholelithiasis was significant in the young adult age group (18-40 years) with p=0.039, but not significant in the middle adult age group (41-60 years) and the elderly (>60 years). In conclusion, excess BMI is a significant risk factor for Cholelithiasis, with a stronger association in the young adult age group. This study provides scientific evidence of the importance of weight management in Cholelithiasis prevention strategies, especially in the young adult age group.