Environmental Risk Factors for Dry Eye Syndrome: A Literature Review on Air Conditioner Exposure, Gadget Use, and Reading Activity
Abstract
Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disorder of the tear film and ocular surface characterized by discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear film instability that has the potential to damage the ocular surface. Environmental factors play a role in increasing the risk of DES, including exposure to air from air conditioners (AC), prolonged use of gadgets, and intense reading activities. This condition may result in reduced tear production or increased tear evaporation, contributing to the progression of dry eye symptoms. People regularly exposed to these factors are at higher risk of developing DES, especially when working in dry environments or focusing on screens for extended periods without sufficient rest. This review aims to examine the literature regarding the relationship between AC exposure, gadget use, and reading activities with the incidence of Dry Eye Syndrome and its implications for eye health. A better understanding of these risk factors is expected to serve as a basis for effective prevention and management of DES.
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