Student’s Perception on Online Instructional Media Effectiveness in Automotive Field

Instructional media is an important component in online learning. This study aims to: 1) find out what types of learning media that motivate students to learn; 2) knowing the benefits of various types of learning media used by students on online learning. This study used ex post facto method. The questionnaire was used to gain the data from bachelor student. The instrument explores information about various forms of online learning media, namely text, audio, graphic, animation, and video. The terms of the benefits of media including able to stimulate students' curiosity, motivate student, make easier for students understanding, encourage students learning happily, and giving student’s flexibility in choosing learning resources. The results showed that: The better online learning media for motivating student were animation and video with a very high category of motivation achievement. While other types of learning media are in the high category. Judging from the benefits of various types of media, video and animation media are the most useful for students in online learning. The media got very high category on stimulating students' curiosity, motivating student`s learning, making it easier for students to understand, encouraging students learning happily, as well as giving students flexibility in choosing learning resources. Meanwhile, other types of learning media are in the high category. Even on text media, getting a low category on encouraging students learning happily. Therefore, teachers not only use PowerPoint media, but also need to consider other types of learning media for teaching students in online learning.


INTRODUCTION
Vocational education is one solution in overcoming economic problems in Indonesia.
To support this, The Indonesian government has changed the ratio of senior high schools: vocational schools from 70%: 30% to 30%: 70% in 2008.However, the implementation of vocational education in Indonesia so far still has many problems.According to [1] , the establishment of a new school was not balanced with a feasibility study.Therefore, the graduates feel difficult to get a job.Some challenges of the faced were the inadequate facilities, teachers and industry support [1].This is exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020 because of course it has a bad effect on education, because it has a major impact on schools, research, academic programs, professional development of staff and work in the academic field, etc. [2].
Distance learning has actually been developed for a long time in the world of education.
However, not many schools/educational institutions have fully implemented online learning so far.
Especially in vocational learning, face-to-face learning always been chosen because it requires practical learning in it.However, the Covid-19 pandemic has forced all levels of education in Indonesia to carry out online learning, including vocational education.
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, As of March teachers and students that must be duly reinforced [3].As a result of this pandemic, vocational education which trains a lot of hands-on skills cannot carry out practical learning directly.
In an ideal implementation, planning distance learning programs required solid strategic planning focusing on developing all potential participants in the educational institutions [4].Online learning still has various weaknesses, such as these involve low self-organization, lack of control on the instructor's side, lack of effective interaction and sense of isolation, which obviously decreases their satisfaction with online learning experience [5].In fact, online vocation education contains good online pedagogy as student-centered, but student to student communication in learning were rated lower than teacher-student practices [6].However, effective distance learning Volume 6, Number techniques [5].In fact, according to [7] there was no significant difference found between the performance and satisfaction of students who were instructed in the traditional, online, or class-in-a-box environment.Therefore, even though it is done online, learning can still be used to achieve student achievement and satisfaction in learning.However practical learning at vocational learning is difficult to do online, because it requires certain equipment and tools.
The implementation of vocational education through distance learning is a challenge for all teaching staff.Distance learning can also be interpreted as distance education [8].Distance learning is a teaching and learning process where students and teachers are in different physical locations [9].In addition to differences in places, distance learning can also be done at different times [10].Because there are differences in physical locations between students and teachers, the teaching and learning process must be adjusted both from the density of the material and the media that will be used to facilitate the transfer of knowledge.Online learning, digital learning, e-learning and virtual learning are similar meaning for distance learning [11].In distance learning, teachers and students are required to be able to master the technology that supports the learning process.Hence, for teachers or students who are not able to adapt to the technology, they will experience difficulties during learning activities.
According to [12] the latest communication technology is very significant to use in the process of implementing online learning.

Distance learning requires the right
Learning Management System (LMS) platform to guide student learning.The LMS is a web-based learning management system that is used as a training tool for students [13].So that the learning experience and understanding of students related to a particular topic is increased [14].According to [15], the use of the LMS platform helps the learning process become more accessible and provides convenience for users.LMS is an alternative that can be chosen by teachers to assist in delivering material, discussing, and even evaluating learning.Many types of LMS that can be used both open source and commercial.[14] explained the things that need to be considered in choosing an LMS are Graphically, the impact of using learning media on student motivation to learn can be seen in the following diagram:    and very high (score 3.26 -4.00).The average categorization of each indicator on each type of media can be seen in table 3 below.According to the results of the categorization of the level of usefulness of various types of learning media above, it can be seen that most of them are in the high and very high categories.For learning media in the form of text, audio and graphics, almost all are in the high category.However, there is one category that gets low, namely the type of text media in providing fun learning.This means that most students do not feel happy in using text-based media.Judging from the very high category on each indicator of the usefulness of learning media, the media in the form of animation and video get all very high categories.This means that the form of animation and video learning media is very supportive of online learning.

Effect from Online Instructional
Instructional media is one of essential components in learning.Learning media takes important roles.Based on the responses given by students of automotive engineering education FT UNY, various learning media have been used by lecturers to deliver learning material in online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The various types of media include text, audio, graphics, animation, and video.According to the results of data analysis on the use of online learning media, in general the learning media used by lecturers in lectures have received a positive response.However, there are learning media that appear to be more optimally useful than other learning media, namely learning media in the form of animation and video.The results of this study are in line with research conducted [22] and [23] that the use of animated videos for learning has a positive influence on student achievement and apply describe rationally about teaching materials.This is also supported by [24] which states that the use of animation media can also improve student learning outcomes and be able to encourage students to think critically.
Otherwise, the use of text-type learning media is not much liked by students.This is in line with the statement [19] that text media limits the teaching strategies of the teacher.In addition, if the content of the text media changes, the renewal of lectures is less practical.This also occurs in learning media of audio recording and graphic types.Besides being limited to the use of limited learning strategies, the audio media type is also not equipped with images, while the graphic type is not equipped with sound so it is less attractive.However, text-type learning media is easily accessible by students, and can be used to complement other types of media, because in online learning, learning media can be combined to achieve learning objectives [19].
The use of learning media in online lectures is very much needed.[25]  In addition, the use of instructional media in form of video will help students understand the material more easily [29].
The use of video as a learning media can also help students to see events that cannot be directly witnessed, dangerous, or events that have occurred for a long time, so that the material presented can be understood by students well [30].Video learning media can provide large amounts of full-motion video and high-impact visuals, self-pacing, and continual review of the content [19].In this case, the use of video learning media can help students learn the subject matter, especially practical learning materials.In online learning, video learning media tends to stimulate students' curiosity to learn, motivate student learning, make it easier for students to understand the material, provide a fun learning, and give students flexibility in choosing learning resources in the form of videos.This is in line with [31] that videos are able to present information, describe a process, explain complex concepts, teach skills, manage time, and can influence attitudes.By optimizing the use of animation and video learning media in lectures, lectures/learning even remotely will be more effective.
The use of optimal learning media will have an impact on effective learning

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Achievement of learning motivation from the use of various online learning media According to Figure 1, it can be seen that the highest impact on student learning motivation in the use of learning media is the Volume 6, Number 2, November 2021 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700 The data on the table 2 shows the responses given by students to the indicators of the usefulness of learning media in each type of online learning media.Based on the table 2 data, in general all the learning media used play a good role in supporting online learning.This can be seen from the average score of each use of learning media more than 2.50.It can also be seen from the median value and the mode, each type of learning media gets a score of 3 and 4.More specifically, it can be seen that from the total score obtained, the video type of learning media gets the highest score compared to other types of learning media in online learning.While the audio learning media got the lowest score.Judging from the average score, it can also be seen that the video type learning media got an average score of 3.58 from a maximum value of 4, while the audio type learning media got the lowest average score, which was 2.66.Thus, it can be seen that the learning media in the form of video is a learning media that functions and is most optimally useful compared to other online learning media.Judging from the indicators, the indicators of the usefulness of learning media in online learning consist of 5 indicators, namely 1) stimulating curiosity to learn, 2) motivating students to study in class or independently, 3) Support students to understand the subject matter easier, 4) providing fun learning, and 5) provide awareness in choosing media.In accordance with the data from the questionnaires given to respondents, it can be seen the average score of each indicator of the benefits of the media in Figure 2.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. The average score of each indicator of the benefits of media in online learning processes and outcomes, because learning media is one of the main components in learning.To achieve the role of effective learning media, it can be underlined that teacher can combine various types of learning media.However, from the results of this study, the use of animation and video learning media needs to be emphasized for use in online learning.Meanwhile, text, audio, Volume 6, Number 2, November 2021 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700 and graphic learning media can be used to complement the two form of learning media above.According to [32], learning media has several benefits that can help in the learning process, namely 1) the delivery of material can be uniformed; 2) the teaching and learning process is clearer and more interesting; 3) the teaching and learning process is more interactive; 4) more efficient time and energy; 5) student learning outcomes increase; 6) the teaching and learning process can be done anywhere and anytime; 7) the positive attitude of students on the material and teaching and learning process will grow; and 8) the teacher's role is more positive and productive.CONCLUSION Based on the results of the research and discussion above, it can be concluded that the optimal types of online learning media in motivating student learning are animation and video media with a very high category of student learning motivation achievement.As for the other three types of videos in the high category.In terms of the benefits of various types of learning media, the most useful video and animation learning media are felt by students in online learning, namely the very high category on indicators: can stimulate students' curiosity to learn, motivate student learning, make it easier for students to understand the material, provide fun learning, and give students flexibility in choosing learning resources.While in other types of learning media in the high category.Even on text media, getting a low category on the indicator provides fun online learning.Teachers can combine various types of learning media.The use of animation and video learning media needs to be emphasized for use in online learning.Meanwhile, text, audio, and graphic learning media can be used to complement the two learning media above.Therefore, teachers not only use PowerPoint media, but also need to consider other types of learning media for teaching students in online learning.

Types of Learning Media that Encourage Learning Motivation for Automotive Engineering Education Students
[16]rtunities to test and assess themselves and 4) communication between teachers and students.Furthermore,[16]also explains that in choosing media, it is necessary to consider several factors who the students are, where the students are, the level of students' abilities, and students' learning styles.In general, distance learning is not widely practiced by teachers.However, with the Covid-19 pandemic, almost all teachers had to carry out distance learning, including the Department of Automotive Engineering [5].Lecturers have prepared various learning Volume 6, Number 2, November 2021 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700 resources through the LMS platform that can be accessed by students.included: text, audio, graphic, animation, and video.Data collection using an online Volume 6, Number 2, November 2021 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700 and 4, then in the region the score of 1.00 -1.75 is in the very low category.Score 1.76 -Volume 6, Number 2, November 2021 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700

Table 1 .
Score the impact of student motivation from the use of various types of learning media

Table 2 .
Score the role of the usefulness of various types of online learning media

Table 3 .
Categorization of the usefulness of each type of media