Application of Augmented Reality (AR) In Vocational Education: A Systematic Literature Review

In education, Augmented Reality has been widely used to complement the standard curriculum. This article aims to examine how the application, and impact of the use of AR in Vocational Education. The Systematic Literature Review method is used to identify, study, evaluate, and interpret Augmented Reality in vocational education. Research data were identified by help of the PRISMA 2020 form. Article was collected from Science Direct database. There were 454 articles. After being selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data used were 14 articles. The results of the study reveal that AR is applied in learning as an innovative learning medium, a new approach to learning to improve students' understanding of knowledge, and skills and provide a concrete learning experience. The integration of AR in education has the impact of increasing students' understanding and learning experience, promoting positive attitudes, making the learning process fun and interesting and learning efficiency.


INTRODUCTION
This rapid development of technology makes most students who are still learning by listening to subject matter delivered by the teacher or by just reading books often feel boring for students [1].With the rapid development of technology today, learning methods as usual are not fun nowadays [2].
Augmented Reality is a technology that can be applied in by several area including education [3] .The integration of technology in the learning process has emerged a lot to create fun but effective learning [4].One of them is the use of augmented reality in learning.In its development, augmented reality is used as a learning medium to explain information so that it can be accepted and also provide interaction in the learning process [5] Augmented Reality (AR), is a technology that combines two-dimensional and or threedimensional virtual objects into a real environment and then projects these virtual objects in reality in real-time [6].This AR technology allows users to see virtual objects added to the real world with contextual layers of information [7].In the world of education, AR has been widely used to complement standard curricula.Text, graphics, video, and audio can be superimposed into a student's real-time environment that can provide different experiences to students [8].
Bibliometric analysis of the use and development of augmented reality in the world of education has been carried out by a group of researchers who took sources from 2015 to 2021, The study concluded that augmented reality is not only used in the industrial world but has also been applied in vocational education [9], [10].The use of augmented reality in recent years has already resulted in the development of technical skills in education.Research shows that the use of augmented reality in education can increase students' awareness of the knowledge of twodimensional objects depicted through augmented reality into three-dimensional objects [11].Research on the use of augmented reality learning media in schools can have a significant impact on students' ability to understand learning concepts [12].
The purpose of this piece of work is to examine the implementation and impact of augmented reality in vocational education.

RESEARCH METHOD
Systematic literature reviews are methods of identifying, evaluating, and interpreting all research related to a particular topic that is available and relevant to answer a particular research question or topic area, or phenomenon of interest by transparently and including all evidence and assessing its quality [13].This article was created using the SLR method to examine the application of Augmented Reality in Vocational Education.
At the beginning of the review, the research question is spelled out as a goal that must be answered.The database selected for the search is then indicated, as well as search Volume 8, Number 2, November 2023 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700 keywords, and criteria followed for the evaluation and selection of studies.Finally, we introduce the publication included at the end of the process [14].

Search Strategy
The data in this literature review, Article is sourced from the Science Direct database.
Terms -selected terms searched in the title, keywords, and abstract of the article.In this systematic review, the search strings used are: "augmented reality AND education", "augmented reality AND learning", and "augmented reality AND teaching".

Study Selection
The study selection process is an

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Inclusion and exclusion criteria should be applied in any study.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In the results and discussion section, the researcher will complete the research questions with several answers obtained from the literature review process.

How is the Application of Augmented
Reality in Vocational Education?
The following table describes the application of Augmented Reality based on selected articles: The table above shows the application of augmented reality in vocational education from selected journals.From this table, it can be concluded that 6 articles show the balance of AR in education generally aimed at improving students' knowledge, skills, and learning experience in more interesting and different ways ( [11], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20] ).In its use in schools 5 articles show AR is integrated into the learning process as an interactive learning medium [21], [1], [22], [23], [24].While the other 3 articles show the application of AR complementing the new approach to learning [25], [26], [27].The application of AR in learning can improve the student learning experience through interactive learning media that are applied with various learning methods.

How does the Use of Augmented Reality in
Vocational Education Impact?
The following table explains the impact of using augmented reality in vocational education based on selected articles: The table above shows the impact of augmented reality in vocational education from selected journals.From the table, it can be concluded that the impact of implementing AR in the world of education is very positive.
So the impact of applying AR in vocational education is to provide a concrete learning experience to students, the learning process becomes interesting and fun, a positive attitude arises and efficiency occurs in learning.
The impact of applying augmented reality to learning is related to student.The results of a pilot study show that the proposed teaching scheme significantly improves learning motivation, student creativity, and the teaching of creative design [28], After AR training, it showed superior total scores and performance compared to conventional training (student performance) [29], The implementation results indicate the impact of the learning environment on students' scientific knowledge and attitude change [30], and learning effectiveness [31].
Not all research has a significant impact, and the use of augmented reality in research may not show a significant impact [32].This has a huge impact on learning, iterative and incremental process, which is divided into several stages with different activities carried out.The search was carried out to obtain articles on the results of research on augmented reality in the world of education.The initial search yielded 454 articles.

First
of all, 454 papers were reviewed against inclusion and exclusion criteria, so 154 articles were duplicates, and 35 articles needed to be deleted because they were reviewed and bibliometric.Then the 265 articles were further read and reviewed with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were relevant to answering research questions.This data extraction procedure is represented through the PRISMA 2000 pipeline [15].

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Article selection process Reality in vocational education.The specified articles are downloaded from the Science Direct database in the range of 2018 -2022.Selected articles are research articles not reviewed articles or bibliometric studies.CONCLUSION The application of augmented reality in education as a whole is an example of how schools are addressing the ever-evolving technologies in the industry and ensuring students, especially from vocational education compete with the competencies available in the job market and set by the industry.Traditional learning carried out in the classroom is no longer fully effective in terms of conveying information and materials to students and is considered a method that does not contribute to productivity and instills learning motivation in students.Meanwhile, the application of virtual learning defines the variety of technology and supports educational strategies in promoting independent learning for students, increasing their productivity, and engaging them with effective learning.In addition to extensive online information, students can explore unlimited valid resources and introductions to online learning that contribute to improved collaboration between students and overall improve clear ways of communication and increase self-confidence.Innovations in learning strategies with augmented reality integration introduce simple learning and flexible time and location engagement where these strategies are available for distance learning and require only low investment.Overall, modern strategies of a combination of technologies such as augmented reality implanted in the classroom promote better and more

Table 1 .
Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Table 2 .
Selected articles Table of applications of AR in vocational education

Table 4 .
Impact of the use of AR in Vocational