LOADING ANALYSIS ON ALLOY WHEELS TYPE-253 SIZE 6 . 5 X 15 JJ BASED ON SNI 1896 : 2008 WITH FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

This study analyzes the loading on the model wheel-253 size 6.5 x 15JJ based on SNI 1896: 2008 with finite element method. This load analysis tested the resistance to dynamic radial fatigue on alloy wheels by using load simulation with quasi-static failure mode approach ie failure mode which is independent of time, and its resistance to failure is expressed with strength. Test wheels are said to fail if there is crack (crack) by giving the liquid penetrant. Crack conditions in the simulation can be seen from the stress and elastic strain. The equivalent elastic stress and elastic strain values that occur on the rim must be less than the Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS) and the elastic strain at break. The properties values for Aluminum A356-T6 material for UTS of 228 N/mm2 and strain elastic fracture values obtained from a plastic material strain of 0.059 m/m.


INTRODUCTION
Automotive industry four-wheel vehicle is very rapidly growing in Indonesia.
Automatically also, the need for spare parts continues to increase, one of which is alloy wheels.The number of rims demand continues to increase so that many rims industries are trying to meet market needs.
BSA is one of the manufacturing industries that produce alloy wheels.Various models of wheels have been produced to meet various vehicle variants that are produced by the automotive principal.The wheels produced must meet the passenger safety standards in driving in Indonesia.
To meet passenger safety standards, BSA always performs testing on each model wheels produced.The purpose of testing is to determine the cracks that occur on each part of the component wheels.A slight crack that arises has an effect on the stress distribution of the wheel material.Alloy wheels is a very important vehicle component.Alloy wheels serves as an energy distributor and vehicle load buffer.The load on the wheel can be differentiated into the static load and dynamic load.
Indonesian National Standard (SNI) is a standard that regulates all aspects of national standardization.
One of them is standardization of four-wheel wheels.This standard is regulated in SNI 1896: 2008.This standard specifies the quality requirements of alloy wheels for motor vehicles made of metal that is steel alloy wheels and alloy wheels lightweight metal wheel four.
The quality requirements of alloy wheels shall meet the criteria of SNI 1896: 2008, such as visible properties, resistance to tiredness due to turn curves, resistance to dynamic radial fatigue, impact resistance to light alloy wheels, the durability of the air circumference of alloy wheels for light alloy wheels.
One of the quality requirements on the visible properties is the surface of the wheels should not be cracked due to production defects and sharp surfaces and must pass the loading test.One of the testing loads on the alloy wheels is the testing of resistance to dynamic radial fatigue is a test on the wheels are done to determine the strength of the fatigue on the structure of alloy wheels against the radial load.The wheels often experience repeated loading so that it can cause cracks.Cracks greatly affect the stress distribution of wheel material which can cause fractures to a much lower degree than the maximum voltage of static loading.

Analysis and Post-Processing Phase
In static loading analysis, processor (analysis) process is used to enter  This construct provides fixed support on wheels.The provision of equivalent force is given to the wheel according to the extent of the area affected by the striker.After the processor process is complete, then proceed with the post-processor process to analyze the simulation result.wheel size 6.5 x 15JJ obtained a factor of safety greater than two (SF>2).This shows that the wheels simulated with static structural loading analysis have a secure design.

CONCLUSION
From the analysis that has been done using simulation testing, conclusions are obtained: The tensile value is equivalent due to the moment of bending and the rotational speed obtained is smaller than the value of the ultimate tensile strength.The strain value is equivalent due to the bending moment and the rotational speed obtained is smaller than the elastic strain of the fracture.The factor of safety obtained value of FS> 2, so the design of the model-253 size 6.5 x 15JJ alloy wheels has a secure design.
Glossary and definition of wheels based on SNI 1896: 2008: (1).Wheel Rim: place of vehicle tires attached; (2) Light alloy wheels: The rims and discs are made of lightweight alloy materials; (3) Round wheel: Belt section of the round wheel where the tire is attached; (4) Disc: the center of the wheel where the bolts and nuts are mounted to other parts of the vehicle; (5) Geometric eccentricity (Run Out): Geometric deviation or axis inequality; (6) Radial geometric eccentricity (Radial Run Out): Deviation of geometric or axis shape in radial direction; (7) Lateral Run Out: Deviation of geometric shape or axis in the lateral direction; (8) Offset: The distance between the placement of alloy wheels attached to other parts of the vehicle with the middle radial area of the rim wheel; (9) Axis diameter of the nut holder (Pitch circle diameter/PCD): Axis diameter of the nut stand on the dish;(10) Flange: The lips of the outer part of the rim that hold the tire in place; (11) Bead seat: The circumference of the wheel rim where the tire lip rests; (12) Well: The curve around the rim of the wheel which strengthens and strengthens the wheel; (13) Type: The type of alloy construction represented by each different design.What is meant by design is the form, size of diameter wheel, wheel width, offset, PCD and the number of bolt holes.Terms of quality alloy wheels.Resistance to dynamic radial fatigue (Dynamic Radial Test/ Drum Test) ie wheels should be free from cracks that are checked with a penetrant liquid, free of cracks, visible deformations and no restriction of nuts or bolts of abnormal wheels.Vol.3, No.1, July 2018 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700 Material Fatigue Fatigue is one type of failure (broken) on a component due to dynamic load (repetitive or variable loading).It is estimated that 50% -90% (Figure 1) mechanical failure is caused by fatigue.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Distribution Mode Failure Component or structure failure modes can be divided into 2 main categories, namely: (1) Quasi-static failure mode (failure mode that is not time-dependent, and resistance to failure is expressed by force); (2) Failure mode that depends on time (resistance to failure is expressed by age or lifetime).Types of quasi-static failure modes: (1) Failure due to tensile load; (2) Failure due to compressive load; (3) Failure due to sliding load.Fractures that include this type of failure mode are broken ductile and brittle fractures.

Figure 2 .Figure
Figure 2. Free body bar diagram

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Geometry and meshing models remodeling resultsIn the simulation process required certain parameters used for modeling.In the modeling process, generally, only a few parameters are used.This is because the

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Stress Curve -Strain Diagram No.1, July 2018 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700 on the seat and flange beat.Therefore, in the simulation of fatigue dynamic radial loading analysis, the force distribution due to the effect of tire pressure is divided into two, namely on the beat seat and flange according to the limits of the actual test conditions.
parameters, meshing and boundary to get a result in process post-processor.The following figure shows the boundary condition for the loading position to be given on the wheel.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Boundary condition by giving fixed support and giving equivalent force to the seat and flange beat The provision of boundary conditions is giving constraints to the wheel simulation.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. (a) tension and (b) strain that occurs on the seat beat and wheel flange due to bending moment Crack on the simulation can be seen from the value of stress and elastic strain.The value in the simulation, the equivalent voltage on the wheels that occur should be smaller than the Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS).Meanwhile, the elastic strain value equivalent to the wheel that occurs must have a value smaller than the elastic strain value when the fracture (elongation at break).The ultimate tensile stress on alloy wheels with Aluminum material A356-T6 is 228 N/ mm 2 and elastic fracture strain value is obtained from the plastic strain of material of 0.059 m/ m (59 mm/ mm) The simulation results are obtained, the equivalent tensile that occurs 77.985 N/ mm 2 at the angle of the rim radius (marked in green) and the equivalent elastic strain shows the number 0.001 mm/ mm (marked in red) at the corner of the alloy radius.Based on the simulation results, the equivalent tensile and strain values of the simulation results are still below the material properties value.This shows that the wheels simulated with static structural loading analysis are safe

Table 2 .
Parameter A356-T6 on plastic modeling In the actual test, the specimen will be tested under pressurized tire conditions.This pressure results in the distribution of loading

Table 3 .
Limitations of actual testing conditions

Table 4 .
Stress of test load simulation results in 1

Table 5 .
Tensile of test load simulation results in 2

Table 6 .
Tensile of test load simulation results in 3

Table 7 .
Tension value of the simulation results

Table 8 .
The strain of the test loading simulation results in 1

Table 9 .
The strain of the test loading simulation results in 2

Table 10 .
The strain of the test loading simulation results in 3

Table 11 . Strain value of simulation results U ji Simulation Result (mm/mm) Fracture Value Conclusion Beat Seat Flange
provision of centrifugal loading is still secure.Vol.3, No.1, July 2018 ISSN 2528-2611, e-ISSN 2528-2700

Table 12 .
The Factor of safety simulation results

Table 13 .
The value of factor of safety simulated results