_(1).png){kind=small}
.png)
How Work Environment, Job Characteristics, and Motivation Predict Employee Performance: A Study in Muaro Jambi Regency, Indonesia
Abstract
This study investigates the factors influencing employee performance in Muaro Jambi Regency, Indonesia, aiming to enhance understanding and contribute to human resource management by testing a conceptual model integrating work environment, job characteristics, and work motivation. Employing an associative quantitative approach, the research uses survey methods, regression analysis, and path analysis, with a census sampling of 83 employees. The instrument, comprising 51 items, was validated by three experts and tested for validity and reliability. Assumption tests included normality, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity, followed by hypothesis testing. Key findings indicate that the work environment significantly influences work motivation with a coefficient of determination of 61.6%. Job characteristics also have a substantial impact on work motivation at 45.5%. Work motivation strongly affects performance achievement at 50.9%. The work environment directly influences performance achievement by 20.8%, with an indirect effect through motivation at 18.7%. Job characteristics directly impact performance achievement by 22.2% and have an indirect effect through motivation at 23.2%. Combined, the work environment, job characteristics, and work motivation explain 75.3% of the variance in performance achievement. Sobel test results confirm that work motivation mediates the effects of the work environment and job characteristics on performance achievement. The study concludes that integrating these three factors significantly enhances employee performance, providing valuable insights for human resource management practices.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Autin, K. L. (2022). Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Autonomous Motivation, and Meaningful Work: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. Journal of Career Assessment, 30(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/10690727211018647
Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.014
Cangialosi, N. (2023). Designing innovative jobs: a fuzzy-set configurational analysis of job characteristics. Personnel Review, 52(1), 382–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2021-0105
Ciobanu, A. (2019). An integrated psycho-sociological perspective on public employees’ motivation and performance. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 10). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00036
Creswell, J. W. (2014). The Selection of a Research Approach. In Research Design. Sage. https://doi.org/45593:01
Disdikbud.muaroJambi. (2023). Strategic Plan (RENSTRA) Muaro Jambi Regency Education and Culture Office 2023-2028.
Eliyana, A. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.05.001
Fernando, A., Gaol, L., & Yaksa, R. A. (2023). Motivational Factors in Encouraging Student Learning Success at SMA 4 Jambi City. 05(02), 2801–2807.
Frederick Herzberg, Bernard Mausner, B. B. S. (2017). Motivation to Work. In Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1970.tb02928.x
Ghozali, I. (2018). Multivariate Analysis Application with the IBM SPSS 25 Program (Ninth). Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Haar, J. (2022). High performance work systems and innovation in New Zealand SMEs: testing firm size and competitive environment effects. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(16), 3324–3352. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1894213
Hamdi, M., Sultoni, S., & Sukma, A. (2022). The Role of Family, School, and Society in Moral Development and Character Building Elementry School Age Children. Journal Prajaiswara, 3(2), 156-169.
Hamdi, M. (2014). Comparative Study of IPDN Praja Interpersonal Competencies Based on Gender and Ethnicity and the Implications for the Development of Guidance and Counseling Programs. In (Doctoral dissertation, Indonesian Education University).
Hamdi, M. (2016). Personality Theory An Introduction (1st ed.). Al-Fabeta..
Hamdi, M. (2022). Personality Theory An Introduction (EC00202235675). https://e-hakcipta.dgip.go.id/index.php/c?code=NDBmZTVjY2M1ODRhOTlmMDIxNjk3NGYzYmE1NThiNjYK
Hamdi, M., Yusra, A., & Sarman, F. (2022). Solution Focused Brief Counseling (SFBC) Group Counseling to Improve Understanding of the Main Tasks of Changes in Personnel Regulations in Regional Government Institutions. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4(3), 618–627. https://doi.org/10.51214/bocp.v4i3.414
Hamdi, M., Yusra, A., & Sarman, F. (2022b). Solution Focused Brief Counseling (SFBC) Group Counseling to Improve Understanding of the Main Tasks of Changes in Personnel Regulations in Regional Government Institutions (EC002022109197). https://e-hakcipta.dgip.go.id/index.php/c?code=ZGNjODlmYWQyMTQ0MWYzYmU5ZWFhYjYwYjYzNDNkMjIK
Hameed, Z. (2020). Do green HRM practices influence employees’ environmental performance? International Journal of Manpower, 41(7), 1061–1079. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2019-0407
Hauwaert, E. Van der. (2022). The impact of enabling performance measurement on managers’ autonomous work motivation and performance. Management Accounting Research, 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2021.100780
Heppner, P. P., Wampold, B. E., & Kivlighan, D. M. (2007). Quasi-experimental and time-series designs. In Research design in counseling. Brooks/Cole Pub Co.
Hermawan, E. (2022). The Influence of Work Environment, Work Stress, and Workload on PT Performance. Sakti Mobile Jakarta. Journal of Scientific Studies. https://ejurnal.ubharajaya.ac.id/index.php/JKI/article/view/1708
J. Richard Hackman, G. R. O. (1976). Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(8), 250–279. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/8/085201
Kennedy, K. A. (2023). Job Characteristics Associated with Intent to Quit among Nursing Home Employees and Managers. Gerontologist, 63(1), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnac134
Kim, Y. J., Kim, W. G., Choi, H.-M., & Phetvaroon, K. (2019). The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees’ eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
Liao, H. (2022). Feeling Good, Doing Good, and Getting Ahead: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Outcomes of Prosocial Motivation at Work. Psychological Bulletin, 148(3), 158–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000362
Lotu, N. A., Widodo, Z. D., & Sumarto, L. (2022). The Influence of Work Stress, Work Motivation and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at the Sudiroprajan Subdistrict Office. Publik: Journal of Human Resources Management, Administration and Public Services. https://stia-binataruna.e-journal.id/PUBLIK/article/view/456
Matschke, C. (2023). Social identities and the achievement gap: Incompatibility between social class background and student identity increases student disidentification, which decreases performance and leads to higher dropout rates. British Journal of Social Psychology, 62(1), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12563
Melnick, E. R. (2023). Funding Research on Health Workforce Well-being to Optimize the Work Environment. In JAMA (Vol. 329, Issue 14, pp. 1145–1146). https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.2073
Miao, R. (2019). High-performance work system, work well-being, and employee creativity: Cross-level moderating role of transformational leadership. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091640
Moleong, Lexy J., M.A, P. D. (1989). Qualitative Research Methodology (ed.). Rosdakarya Youth, Bandung..
Nurjaya, N. (2021). The Influence of Work Discipline, Work Environment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at Pt. Hazara Cipta Pesona. ACCELERATION: National Scientific Journal. https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/1978332
Ogbonnaya, C. (2019). Employee performance, well-being, and differential effects of human resource management subdimensions: Mutual gains or conflicting outcomes? Human Resource Management Journal, 29(3), 509–526. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12203
Papa, A., Dezi, L., Gregori, G. L., Mueller, J., & Miglietta, N. (2020). Improving innovation performance through knowledge acquisition: the moderating role of employee retention and human resource management practices. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(3), 589–605. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2017-0391
Park, S. (2019). Employee Adaptive Performance and Its Antecedents: Review and Synthesis. In Human Resource Development Review (Vol. 18, Issue 3, pp. 294–324). https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484319836315
Peny-Dahlstrand, M. (2023). The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Approach is superior to ordinary treatment for achievement of goals and transfer effects in children with cerebral palsy and spina bifida–a randomized controlled trial. Disability and Rehabilitation, 45(5), 822–831. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2022.2043459
Pinto, A. de V. (2023). Encourage autonomy to increase individual work performance: the impact of job characteristics on workaround behavior and shadow IT usage. Information Technology and Management, 24(3), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-022-00368-6
Rasimin, & Hamdi, M. (2021). Group Guidance and Counseling - Google Books. In B. S. Fatmawati (Ed.), Bumi Literacy. Literary Earth. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Bimbingan_dan_Konseling_Kelompok.html?id=DLdTEAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
Reilly, M. J., Wang, L., & Rosenman, K. D. (2023). Evaluation of the characteristics of workers injured on the job requiring hospitalization, and employer compliance with OSHA’s reporting requirement for these work‐related hospitalizations. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 66(2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23447
Saleh, M. O. (2022). Empowerment Predicting Nurses’ Work Motivation and Occupational Mental Health. SAGE Open Nursing, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608221076811
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023). Ethical Climate and Creativity: The Moderating Role of Work Autonomy and the Mediator Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Cuadernos de Gestion, 23(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.221729cs
Santoro, G. (2021). Searching for resilience: the impact of employee-level and entrepreneur-level resilience on firm performance in small family firms. Small Business Economics, 57(1), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00319-x
Sarwar, H. (2020). Ethical leadership, work engagement, employees’ well-being, and performance: a cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(12), 2008–2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1788039
Shafagatova, A. (2023). Uncovering the Combined Impact of Process Characteristics and Reward Types on Employees’ Job Satisfaction: A European Quantitative Study. SAGE Open, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231160125
Song, Q. (2019). Impact of the usage of social media in the workplace on team and employee performance. Information and Management, 56(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.04.003
Stempel, C. R. (2023). The domino effect: how leader job characteristics as antecedents of transformational leadership facilitate follower job characteristics. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 32(5), 678–687. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2023.2208354
Sutja, A., Hamdi, M., Yaksa, R. A., & Muspawi, M. (2024). Study of the Influence of Leadership , Organizational Climate , Commitment and Lecturer Creativity on Quality Management in Higher Education. 21(5), 682–691.
Ulrich, B. (2022). National Nurse Work Environments-October 2021: A Status Report. Critical Care Nurse, 42(5), 58–70. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2022798
Vuong, B. N. (2023). The influence of servant leadership on job performance through innovative work behavior: does public service motivation matter? Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 45(3), 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2022.2070517
Xu, Y. (2022). Decent work and innovative work behaviour: Mediating roles of work engagement, intrinsic motivation and job self-efficacy. Creativity and Innovation Management, 31(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12480
Zeng, D. (2022). Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation on Work Engagement: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nurses Working in Long-Term Care Facilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031284
