Stroke Risk Prognosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension

Abstract

Stroke is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, particularly among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN), where the combination of these conditions increases the risk of stroke. Several studies indicate that patients with both T2DM and HTN have a higher incidence of new stroke cases and recurrences compared to those with only one of these conditions. A prognosis-based evidence analysis was conducted using the Evidence-Based Case Report method, with article searches performed in the PubMed, Cochrane, and ProQuest databases. Articles were selected based on exclusion criteria and duplication, followed by a critical appraisal of three cohort studies using Sackett’s (1996) prognosis worksheet. The study by Chang et al. (2022) showed that the incidence of new strokes in patients with T2DM and HTN within one year reached 15%, with a stroke risk 1.743 times higher than in patients without both conditions (95% CI: 1.216–2.499, p = 0.003). Meanwhile, Liu et al. (2021) found that the combination of T2DM and HTN further increased stroke risk (aHR = 2.620, 95% CI = 2.031 - 3.380, p < 0.0001). A long-term study by Hu et al. (2005) reported that patients with both conditions had up to 3.7 times higher stroke risk compared to patients without hypertension (HR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.77 – 4.99). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that patients with T2DM and HTN have a higher risk of stroke than those with diabetes alone, emphasizing the importance of strict management of blood pressure and blood glucose levels in preventing stroke.