MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF TANNIN FROM PAPAYA LEAVES (CARICA PAPAYA LINN): THE EFFECT OF SOLVENT RATIO AND MICROWAVE POWER

Glen Bower Vebrianto Siregar, Early Akhalisty Inge Abigail Br Simanjuntak, Desi Riana Saputri, Yunita Fahni, Mustafa Mustafa, Rifqi Sufra, Reni Yuniarti, Fauzi Yusupandi, Faalih Pandu Wicaksono Hadi, Diana Catur Pratiwi, Putri Jesika Adelia, Vania Nur Wahdani, Angeline Nauli, Khofifah Anggitiya Ningrum, Misbahudin Alhanif

Abstract


Papaya leaves (Carica papaya Linn) have many health benefits, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhea, and others. Papaya leaves contain tannins, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids. The common characteristic of papaya leaves is the green color, which indicates the presence of tannins. The study aims to discover the characteristics of papaya leaf extract, the effect of the solvent ratio, and the microwave power (MP) on the extraction of tannins from the papaya leaves. Papaya leaves are extracted using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method at 100, 140, and 180 W for 30 minutes, with variations in the material to the solvent ratios 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, and 1:50. Qualitative tannin testing was carried out through color observation and FeCl3 tests. UV-Vis spectrophotometry was also used to determine the tannin levels obtained during extraction. The FeCl3 test showed that papaya leaf extract contains tannins. The optimal concentration of tannins is produced at a ratio of 1:20, with a 180 W MP of 8.06 mg TAE/g and a yield of 0.81%. MAE can potentially increase the yield of tannins, which is potentially beneficial to health.


Keywords


Microwave-assisted extraction, Microwave power, Papaya leaves, Solvent ratio, Tannins

Full Text:

PDF

References


A’yun, Q., & Laily, A. N. (2015). Analisis fitokimia daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) the phytochemical analysis of papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.) at the research center of various bean and tuber crops Kendalpayak, Malang. Seminar Nasional Konversi Dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam, 3(20), 134–137.

Alara, O. R., & Abdurahman, N. H. (2019). Kinetics studies on effects of extraction techniques on bioactive compounds from Vernonia cinerea leaf. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(2), 580–588.

Alara, O. R., Abdurahman, N. H., Ali, H. A., & Zain, N. M. (2021). Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Carica papaya leaves: An optimization study and LC-QTOF-MS analysis. Future Foods, 3, 1–8.

Alhanif, M., Kumoro, A. C., & Wardhani, D. H. (2021). Mass transfer, energy utilization, physical and nutritional properties evaluations during drying of papaya ( Carica papaya L .) seeds at low to moderate temperatures. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering.

Alhanif, M., Kumoro, A. C., & Wardhani, D. H. (2023). Prediction of the Thermophysical properties of papaya seed oil influencing solvent selection based on the new group contribution model. Sains Malaysiana, 52(1), 107–127.

Amaranti, R. B., Indarwati, D., Tristiyanti, A. S., Maharani, F., & Laeli, K. (2021). Penerapan metode microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) berbasis green solvent senyawa pektin albedo jeruk bali (Citrus Maxima). Prosiding SNST Ke-11 Tahun 2021, 72–76.

Asni, H., Manurung, R., & Bonella, D. (2020). Aplikasi pelarut eutektik K2CO3-Gliserol pada ekstraksi pigmen antosianin dari kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana Linn.). Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 9(2), 64–69.

Erfiza, N. M., Moulana, R., Wulandari, D., Satriana, S., & Supardan, M. D. (2016). Pengaruh rasio biji terhadap pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi terhadap yield dan kualitas minyak biji alpukat. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan, 11(1), 32–38.

Erginia, S. N., & Pursitasari, I. D. (2014). Uji kualitatif senyawa metabolit sekunder pada daun palado (agave angustifolia) yang diektstraksi dengan pelarut air dan etanol. Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 3(3), 165–172.

Fajri, M., & Daru, Y. (2022). Pengaruh rasio volume pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi terhadap perolehan minyak biji kelor. AgriTECH, 42(2), 123.

Hadolikar, S. B., More, S. S., & Jadhav, V. G. (2021). Export performances of fresh papaya in India : Markov chain approach. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(11), 12–14.

Halimu, R. B., S.Sulistijowati, R., & Mile, L. (2017). Identifikasi kandungan tanin pada Sonneratia alba. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 5(4), 93–97.

Indrasari, F., & Buanasari, B. (2022). The effect of solvent ratio and extraction time on antioxidant activity and flavonoid concentration of kedawung leaf (parkia biglobosa) through microwave-assisted extraction. Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan, 11(1), 17–22.

Juárez-Rojop, I. E., Tovilla-Zárate, C. A., Aguilar-Domínguez, D. E., Fuente, L. F. R. de la, Lobato-García, C. E., Blé-Castillo, J. L., López-Meraz, L., Díaz-Zagoya, J. C., & Bermúdez-Ocaña, D. Y. (2014). Phytochemical screening and hypoglycemic activity of carica papaya leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 24(3), 341–347.

Kataoka, H. (2019). Pharmaceutical analysis | sample preparation (P. Worsfold, C. Poole, A. Townshend, & M. B. T.-E. of A. S. (Third E. Miró (eds.); pp. 231–255). Academic Press.

Kumoro, A. C., Alhanif, M., & Wardhani, D. H. (2020). A critical review on tropical fruits seeds as prospective sources of nutritional and bioactive compounds for functional foods development: A case of Indonesian exotic fruits. International Journal of Food Science, 2020, pp. 1–15.

Lim, X. Y., Chan, J. S. W., Japri, N., Lee, J. C., & Tan, T. Y. C. (2021). Carica papaya L. leaf: A systematic scoping review on biological safety and herb-drug interactions. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2021, pp. 1–21.

Niawanti, H., Yani, F., Herman, M., & Rafliansyah, H. (2022). Effect of extraction time and solid-liquid ratio on tannin extraction from guava (Psidium guajava) leaves. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2668(1), 30002.

Nuri, W. (2014). Pengaruh Kadar Garam Dapur Terhadap Suhu Makanan yang Dimasak dengan Microwave. Eksergi, 10(2), 32.

Nurwahyuwono, D. E., Afrienty, V. E., Soemargono, S., & Erliyanti, N. K. (2021). Mass transfer coefficient of extraction tannin compounds from papaya leaves with 96% ethanol solvent. Konversi, 10(1), 52–57.

Rahayu, M., Keim, A. P., Nikmatullah, M., Rustiami, H., Susan, D., & Sujarwo, W. (2021). The ethnoecology of sasak people in mandalika, lombok island: Local knowledge and wisdom in relation with land use. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 10(3), 407–415.

Rosida, D. F. (2016). Reaksi Maillard Pembentuk Citarasa dan Warna pada Produk Pangan. In Yayasan Humaniora (Vol. 1, Issue 1).

Savitri, I., Suhendra, L., Made Wartini, N., Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, M., Teknologi Pertanian Unud, F., & Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, D. (2017). Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Pada Metode Maserasi Terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Sargassum polycystum. Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 5(3), 93–101.

Sirisangsawang, R., & Phetyim, N. (2023). Optimization of tannin extraction from coconut coir through response surface methodology. Heliyon, 9(2), e13377.

Sudira, I. W., Merdana, I. M., & Qurani, S. N. (2019). Preliminary phitochemical analysis of guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) extract as antidiarrheal in calves. Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 3(2), 21–24.

Tuntun, M. (2016). Uji efektivitas ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Kesehatan, 7(3), 497–502.

Ugo, N. J., Raymond Ade, A., & Tochi Joy, A. (2019). Nutrient composition of carica papaya leaves extracts. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 02(03), 274–282.

Yulistiani, F., Azzahra, R. K., & Nurhafshah, Y. A. (2020). Pengaruh daya dan waktu terhadap yield hasil ekstraksi minyak daun spearmint menggunakan metode microwave assisted extraction. Jurnal Teknik Kimia Dan Lingkungan, 4(1), 1–6.

Zainutdinova, A., Tauleigne, B., Miccio, M., Fraganza, M., Casa, M., & Brachi, P. (2023). Set-up and mass balances on soxhlet extraction tests in “learning by doing” of process engineering students. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 100(May), 607–612.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62870/jip.v13i1.24363

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Jurnal integrasi Proses (JIP) has been indexed by:

                                         

 

 


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.