Experimental study of the effect of adding bioethanol to RON 90 gasoline on exhaust gas emissions of a four-stroke motor vehicle

Hadi Sutanto; Christefa Hendy Setianto

doi:10.36055/tjst.v17i2.11330

Experimental study of the effect of adding bioethanol to RON 90 gasoline on exhaust gas emissions of a four-stroke motor vehicle

Hadi Sutanto, Christefa Hendy Setianto

Abstract

The use of biofuels in the world is increasing due to their economic prices and an energy crisis. Bioethanol is an alternative renewable fuel suitable for use in internal combustion engines. When compared to the octane number of gasoline, this fuel has a relatively high octane number. Another major property is that bioethanol can reduce motor vehicle emissions when compared to fossil fuels. This study aimed to determine the number of exhaust emissions with fuel that uses a mixture of pertalite RON 90 gasoline and bioethanol. The test method uses a loaded engine with three rpm variations, namely 1200, 6000, and 9000 rpm, with exhaust emission measurement parameters consisting of CO₂, CO, HC, and NO_x. The test used four kinds of bioethanol mixtures, namely bioethanol 5% (E5), bioethanol 10% (E10), bioethanol 15% (E15), and bioethanol 20% (E20), in addition to pure gasoline RON 90 (pertalite). Measurement of exhaust emissions is carried out using an exhaust gas analyzer. The test results show that using a mixture of bioethanol as fuel does not reduce the total amount of exhaust emissions. The proportion of CO₂ tends to grow as the bioethanol mixture increases, and vice versa for the percentage of CO. Meanwhile, the proportion of HC reduced as the bioethanol mixture rose, whereas the percentage of NO_x increased.

Penggunaan bahan bakar nabati di dunia semakin bertambah disebabkan oleh harga ekonomisnya dan adanya krisis energi. Bioetanol sebagai bahan bakar alternatif yang bersifat terbarukan sesuai untuk digunakan pada mesin pembakaran dalam. Bahan bakar ini memiliki angka oktan yang cukup tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan angka oktan bensin. Sifat utama yang lain yaitu bioetanol dapat mengurangi emisi kendaraan bermotor jika dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar fosil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui besar emisi gas buang dengan bahan bakar yang menggunakan campuran bensin jenis pertalite RON 90 dan bioetanol. Metode pengujian menggunakan mesin terbebani dengan tiga macam variasi rpm yaitu 1200, 6000 dan 9000 rpm dengan parameter pengukuran emisi gas buang terdiri dari CO₂, CO, HC dan NO_x. Pengujian menggunakan empat macam campuran bioetanol, yaitu bioetanol 5% (E5), bioetanol 10% (E10), bioetanol 15% (E15) dan bioetanol 20% (E20), selain bensin murni RON 90 (pertalite). Pengukuran emisi gas buang dilakukan dengan menggunakan exhaust gas analyzer. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan campuran bioetanol sebagai bahan bakar tidak mengurangi seluruh jumlah emisi gas buang. Persentase CO₂ cenderung naik terhadap kenaikan campuran bioetanol dan sebaliknya pada persentase CO. Sedangkan persentase HC menurun dengan naiknya campuran bioetanol dan sebaliknya persentase NO_x meningkat dengan campuran bioetanol pada bensin.

Keywords

Engines, RON 90, bioethanol, emissions.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Sudiyani, Y., Aiman, S., & Mansur, D. (2019). Perkembangan Bioetanol G2: Teknologi dan Perpektif. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Sarkar, N., Ghosh, S. K., Bannerjee, S., & Aikat, K. (2012). Bioethanol production from agricultural wastes: an overview. Renewable Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 19-27.

Thangavelu, S.K., Ahmed, A.S., & Ani, F.N. (2016). Review on bioethanol as alternative fuel for spark ignition engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 56, pp. 820-835.

Micic, V., & Jotanovic, M. (2015). Bioethanol as fuel for internal combustion engines. Zastia Materijala, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 403-408.

Tibaquira, J. E., Huertas, J. I., Ospina, S., Quirama, L. E., & Nino, J. E. (2018). The effect of using ethanol-gasoline blends on the mechanical, energy and environmental performance of in-use vehicles. Energies, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 221-237.

Yao, Y. C., Tsai, J. H., & Chiang, H. L. (2009). Effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on air pollutant emissions from motorcycle. Science of The Total Environment, vol. 407, no. 19, pp. 5257-5262.

Wibowo, C. S., Adian, F., Masuku, M., Nugroho, Y., & Sugiarto, B. (2020). The optimization performance of mixed fuel gasoline RON 88, 92, 98 with bioethanol on spark ignition engine. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 989-992.

Raja, A. S., Arasu, A. V., & Sornakumar, T. (2015). Effect of gasoline-ethanol blends on performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder air cooled motor bike SI engine. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1540-1552.

Yao, Y. C., Tsai, J. H. & Chiang, H. L. (2009). Effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on air pollutant emissio from motorcycle. Science of The Total Environment, vol. 407, no. 19, pp. 5257-5262.

Firdaus, A. (2018) Pengaruh pencampuran bioethanol dengan bensin terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi gas buang pada Honda CB 150 CC fuel injection. Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, vol 18, no. 1, pp. 19-22.

Budianto, Y. W., Reksowardojo, I. K., & Arismunandar, W. (2007). Perbandingan bahan bakar bensin, gasohol, beserta ethanol kering pada motor sepeda motor Honda NF 125D. [Final Project]. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.

Raja, A. J., Arasu, A. V., & Sornakumar, T. (2015). Effect of gasoline-ethanol blends on performance and emissions characteristics of a single cylinder air cooled motorbike si engine. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 20 no. 12, pp. 1540-1552.

Octaviani, R., Irsyad, M. & Reksowardojo. I. K. (2010). Pengaruh penambahan bioetanol terhadap konsentrasi emisi gas HC, CO, dan CO2 pada Motor 2 Langkah. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 173-184.

Ozcelik, A. E., Aydogan, H., & Acaroglu, M. (2015). A Study of the effects of bioethanol-gasoline blends on vehicle emissions. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 332-335.

Balki, M. K., & Sayin, C. (2014). The effect of compression ratio on the performance, emissions and combustion of an SI (Spark Ignition) engine fueled with pure ethanol, methanol and unleaded gasoline. Energy, vol. 71, pp. 194-201.

Wu, T. N., Chang, C. P., Wu, T. S., & Shen, Y. H. (2013). Emissions characteristics of ethanol blending fuels from a laboratory gasoline engine. Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol 253, pp. 2227-2230.

Manzetti, S., & Andersen, O. (2015). A review of emission products from bioethanol and its blends with gasoline. background for new guidelines for emission control. Fuel, vol. 140, pp. 293-301.

Canacki, M., Ozsezan, A. N., Alptekin, E., & Yidogan, M. E. (2013). Impact of alcohol-gasoline blends on the exhaust emission of an SI engine. Renewable Energy, vol. 52, pp. 111-117.

Heywood, J. B. (2018). Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Ferguson, C. K., & Kirkpatrick, A.T. (2016). Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermosciences, 3rd edition. West Sussex: John Wiley &Sons.

Ganesan, V. (2017). Internal Combustion Engines, 4th edition. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

Wiratmaja, I. G. (2010). Pengujian karakteristik fisika biogasoline sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bensin murni. Cakram, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 145-154.

Pikunas, A., Pukalskas, S., & Grabys, J. (2003). Influence of composition of gasoline-ethanol blends on parameters of internal combustion engines. Journal of Kones Internal Combustion Engines, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 205-211.

Singh, A. P., Sharma, Y. C., Mustafi, N. N. & Agarwal, A. K. (2020). Alternative Fuels and Their utilization Strategies in Internal Combustion Engines. Singapore: Springer Nature Pte. Ltd.

Subramanian, K. A. (2018). Biofueled Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Singh, P. K., Ramadhas, A. S., Mathai, R., & Sehgal, A. K. (2016). Investigation on combustion, performance and emissions of automotive engine fueled with ethanol blended gasoline. SAE International Journal of Fuel and Lubricants, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 215-223.

Chansauria, P., & Mandloi, R. K. (2018). Effects of ethanol blends on performance of spark ignition engine: a review. Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 4066-4077.

Thangavelu, S. K., Chelladorai, P., & Ani, F. N. (2015). Emissions from petrol engine fuelled gasoline-ethanol-methanol (GEM) ternary mixture as alternative fuel. MATEC Web of Conference, vol. 27, pp. 01010.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36055/tjst.v17i2.11330

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Teknika: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.