Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Problem-Based Learning in Improving Students' Critical Thinking in Vocational Education

Ridhwan Anthony, Wagino Wagino, Rahmat Desman Koto, Erzeddin Alwi, Wawan Purwanto, Donny Fernandez

Abstract


Problem-based learning (PBL) is widely recognized as an innovative teaching strategy that engages students in active learning through real-world problem-solving. This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the effectiveness of PBL in enhancing students' critical thinking abilities across vocational and technical education contexts. The study analyzed 30 research articles published between 2016 and 2024 using quantitative data from experimental and control groups. Following a rigorous five-step meta-analysis methodology, research data was collected through the Harzing's Publish or Perish program from Google Scholar, coded systematically, and analyzed using effect size calculations. Results revealed a significant positive impact of PBL on critical thinking development, with an effect size of 0.8, indicating a moderate to strong effect according to established criteria. The experimental classes implementing PBL achieved substantially higher post-test scores (mean=73.93) compared to control groups (mean=65.14). These findings demonstrate that PBL significantly enhances students' critical thinking capabilities and learning outcomes through collaborative problem-solving, active knowledge construction, and practical application of concepts. The study concludes that PBL represents an effective pedagogical approach for developing the analytical and problem-solving skills essential for vocational education graduates in today's complex professional environments.


Keywords


Problem Based Learning, Critical Thinking, Meta-Analysis

Full Text:

PDF

References


N. N. S. Sitompul, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa SMP Kelas IX’, GAUSS J. Pendidik. Mat., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 45–54, May 2021, doi: 10.30656/gauss.v4i1.3129.

I. A. K. M. Loka Andari, I. W. Darsana, and A. Sri Asri, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbasis Portofolio Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS’, Int. J. Elem. Educ., vol. 3, no. 4, p. 373, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.23887/ijee.v3i4.21309.

Z. Fitria, F. Arianto, and A. Sumarno, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar’, vol. 7, no. 2, 2024.

E. P. Pebriyani and T. Pahlevi, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Mata Pelajaran Kearsipan Kelas X OTKP Di SMK Negeri 1 Sooko Mojokerto’, J. Pendidik. Adm. Perkantoran JPAP, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 47–55, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.26740/jpap.v8n1.p47-55.

S. R. Rangkuti, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Pada Materi Sistem Indera Kelas XI’, vol. 2, no. 4, 2023.

T. Wulandari, A. Kadir, J. L. Fua, and Z. Zainuddin, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbasis Multimedia Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar IPA’, KULIDAWA, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 29, May 2020, doi: 10.31332/kd.v1i1.1806.

N. A. Handoyono and Z. Arifin, ‘Pengaruh Inquiry Learning Dan Problem-Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pkkr Ditinjau Dari Motivasi Belajar’, J. Pendidik. Vokasi, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 31, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.21831/jpv.v6i1.8114.

B. H. Helyandari, H. Hikmawati, and H. Sahidu, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Peserta Didik Ma Darul Hikmah Darek Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020’, KONSTAN - J. Fis. DAN Pendidik. Fis., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 10–17, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.20414/konstan.v5i1.46.

T. Prasetyo and K. Nisa, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Dan Rasa Keingintahuan Siswa’, Didakt. TAUHIDI J. Pendidik. GURU Sekol. DASAR, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 83, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.30997/dt.v5i2.1103.

G. R. Lendeon and C. Poluakan, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Sains Siswa’, SCIENING Sci. Learn. J., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 14–21, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.53682/slj.v3i1.1076.

I. G. A. N. Trisna Jayantika, N. Parmithi, and D. N. Diah Purwaningsih, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kecemasan Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika’, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.4312827.

D. Paradina, C. Connie, and R. Medriati, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Kelas X’, J. Kumparan Fis., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 169–176, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.33369/jkf.2.3.169-176.

G. S. R. Mamuaya, H. Sumual, and P. V. Togas, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Simulasi Dan Komunikasi Digital Siswa Smk’, vol. 1, 2021.

R. Ulhaq, I. Huda, and H. Rahmatan, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dengan Modul Kontruktivisme Radikal Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik’, J. IPA Pembelajaran IPA, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 244–252, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.24815/jipi.v4i2.17874.

S. O. Suminar and R. I. Meilani, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Dan Problem Based Learning Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik’, J. Pendidik. Manaj. Perkantoran, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 80, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.17509/jpm.v1i1.3339.

S. Salfina, C. Nurmaliah, A. U. T. Pada, H. Hasanuddin, and A. Abdullah, ‘Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dipadu Media Animasi untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains, Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Biologi di SMAN Aceh Utara’, J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 7, no. SpecialIssue, pp. 266–271, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v7iSpecialIssue.1072.

H. Hartati, N. Azmin, Muh. Nasir, and A. Andang, ‘Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Materi Biologi’, JIIP - J. Ilm. Ilmu Pendidik., vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 5795–5799, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.54371/jiip.v5i12.1190.

Y. Kurniyawati, A. Mahmudi, and E. Wahyuningrum, ‘Efektivitas problem-based learning ditinjau dari keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan kemandirian belajar matematis’, J. Ris. Pendidik. Mat., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 118–129, May 2019, doi: 10.21831/jrpm.v6i1.26985.

W. Darmawan and N. Harjono, ‘Efektivitas Problem Based Learning dan Two Stay Two Stray dalam Pencapaian Hasil Belajar’, J. Basicedu, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 402–411, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.31004/basicedu.v4i2.364.

M. Hasanah and Y. Fitria, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif IPA pada Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu’, J. Basicedu, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1509–1517, May 2021, doi: 10.31004/basicedu.v5i3.968.

A. Nofziarni, H. Hadiyanto, Y. Fitria, and A. Bentri, ‘Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Problem Based Learning ( PBL ) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar’, J. Basicedu, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 2016–2024, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.31004/basicedu.v3i4.244.

M. Surur and T. Tartilla, ‘Pengaruh Problem Based Learning Dan Motivasi Berprestasi Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah’, Indones. J. Learn. Educ. Couns., vol. 1, no. 2, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.31960/ijolec.v1i2.96.

S. Ramadhani and K. Khairuna, ‘Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Fishbone Materi Biologi terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa’, J. Basicedu, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 8405–8413, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.31004/basicedu.v6i5.3840.

W. Lutfiah, A. Anisa, and H. Hambali, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi’, EDUKATIF J. ILMU Pendidik., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 2092–2098, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.31004/edukatif.v3i4.1090.

F. Indrawan and H. Hambali, ‘Pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) pada konsep ekosistem’, 2022.

S. N. Ali and M. Wajdi, ‘Pengaruh model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada konsep sistem peredaran darah manusia’, 2022.

F. E. Butar Butar, R. Sidabutar, and G. N. Sauduran, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika’, J. Pendidik. Sains Dan Komput., vol. 2, no. 02, pp. 420–426, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.47709/jpsk.v2i02.1796.

A. F. Zalukhu, N. K. Mendrofa, A. O. Harefa, and Y. Zega, ‘Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem based learning Berbantuan Paper mode Quizizz terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Lotu’, JagoMIPA J. Pendidik. Mat. Dan IPA, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 474–485, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.53299/jagomipa.v4i3.709.

Y. Ardiyanti, M. R. Utami, and D. Ratnasari, ‘Pengaruh Problem-Based Learning Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Smk Pada Materi Karbohidrat’, Satya Widya, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 81–87, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.24246/j.sw.2020.v36.i2.p81-87.

Sri Kusuma Dewi Alfiah, Suharti Kadar, and Ahmad Hatip, ‘Pengaruh Problem Based Solving terhadap Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah’, GAUSS J. Pendidik. Mat., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 51–61, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.30656/gauss.v4i2.3950.

A. Aziz, N. Huda, and S. Sunardjo, ‘Pengaruh Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Hasil Belajar Dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP Nurul Hikmah Mandung Kokop Bangkalan’, Civ.-Cult. J. Ilmu Pendidik. PKN Dan Sos. Budaya, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 872–884, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.31597/ccj.v8i1.1087.

D. A. W. Wardani, ‘Problem based learning: membuka peluang kolaborasi dan pengembangan skill siswa’, Jawa Dwipa, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–17, 2023.

E. I. N. Davidi, E. Sennen, and K. Supardi, ‘Integrasi pendekatan STEM (science, technology, enggeenering and mathematic) untuk peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah dasar’, Sch. J. Pendidik. Dan Kebud., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 11–22, 2021.

N. Rahmah and I. Fitria, ‘Penerapan problem based learning (pbl) berbasis diskusi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik SMK negeri alu kab polewali mandar sulawesi barat’, J. Pemikir. Dan Pengemb. Pembelajaran, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 203–212, 2022.

A. H. Asror, ‘Meta-analisis: PBL’, in PRISMA, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika, 2016, pp. 508–513. Accessed: Nov. 16, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/prisma/article/download/21682/10309

S. Fadjarajani, ‘Problem Based Learning’, STRATEGI, p. 67.

D. I. Lestari and H. Kurnia, ‘Implementasi model pembelajaran inovatif untuk meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru di era digital’, JPG J. Pendidik. Guru, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 205–222, 2023.

S. Y. Erlangga, E. A. Poort, O. Manasikana, and A. Dimas, ‘Meta-analisis: effect size model pembelajaran berbasis masalah pada kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) dan pemahaman konseptual siswa dalam fisika’, Compton J. Ilm. Pendidik. Fis., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 185–198, 2023.

A. Aslamiah, E. W. Abbas, and M. Mutiani, ‘21st-Century Skills and Social Studies Education’, Innov. Soc. Stud. J., vol. 2, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.20527/iis.v2i2.3066.

N. Lestariani, ‘Analisis Hasil Belajar Kognitif Mahasiswa Melalui Peningkatan Otonomi Belajar dan Literasi Informasi Digital’, J. Pendidik. Dan Kebud., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 218–238, 2023.

E. Suhaedin, N. Jalinus, and R. Abdullah, ‘Landasan Filosofi dan Prinsip Pendidikan Teknologi & Kejuruan (PTK) menggunakan Metode Systematic Literature Review’, J. Educ., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 10317–10326, 2023.

N. S. Darel, ‘Analisis Project Based Learning Sebagai Strategi Dalam Mengoptimalkan Pemahaman Mahasiswa Pada Pembelajaran Daring’, PhD Thesis, Institut PTIQ Jakarta, 2024. Accessed: Nov. 17, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://repository.ptiq.ac.id/id/eprint/1541/

A. Kusnadi, ‘Peningkatan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Berbasis Informations and Communication Technologies: Increasing Teacher Pedagogical Competence Based on Information and Communication Technologies’, Thawalib J. Kependidikan Islam, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 209–226, 2024.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/vanos.v10i1.29826

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.