.png)
.png)
Conversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Using The Pyrolysis Into Bio-Oil and Its Characterization for Biopesticide
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a by-product of processing CPO (Crude Palm Oil) at a palm oil processing factory. The accumulation of Oil Palm EFB waste could cause environmental problems in the future. One of the optimal ways to reuse oil palm EFB waste is to convert it into bio-oil using pyrolysis. Bio-oil contains phenol, acid compounds, and their derivatives with antioxidant and antimicrobial, which makes them suitable for biopesticides. This study aims to produce Bio-Oil by pyrolysis at different temperatures and analyze its characterization for use as a biopesticide. Oil Palm EFB characterization was carried out by measuring the yield and pH and analyzing the Phenol and Acetic Acid compounds in the pyrolysis products at 100oC, 150oC, and 245oC. Yield analysis was carried out by comparing the mass of the Bio-Oil produced with the mass of the Oil Palm EFB raw material used. Phenol was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and absorbance was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, acetic acid was determined using the titrated acid-base method, and pH was measured using a pH meter. The results showed that the parameter of temperature in pyrolysis affected the concentration of the chemical compounds produced. The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature parameter affected the concentration of the chemical compounds produced. Treatment at 150oC- 245oC is the best result due to the parameters that have been analyzed. The characteristics of the Bio-oil produced are a yield of 29.63%-100%, total phenol of 1.04%-3.87%, total acid of 1.12%-2.14%, and a pH value of 4.09 - 4.16. The characteristics of this Bio Oil can be used as a biopesticide that complies with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Babinszki, B., Jakab, E., Terjék, V., Sebestyén, Z., Várhegyi, G., May, Z., Mahakhant, A., Attanatho, L., Suemanotham, A., Thanmongkhon, Y., & Czégény, Z. 2021. Thermal decomposition of biomass wastes derived from palm oil production. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 155(February). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105069
Budaraga, K., Arnim, Marlida, Y., & Bulanin, U. 2016. Liquid smoke production quality from raw materials variation and different pyrolysis temperature. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 6(3), 306–315.https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.6.3.737
Chang, S. H. 2018. Bio-oil derived from palm empty fruit bunches: Fast pyrolysis, liquefaction and future prospects. Biomass and Bioenergy, 119(April), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.09.033
Faisal, M., & Gani, A. 2018. The effectiveness of liquid smoke produced from palm kernel shells pyrolysis as a natural preservative in fish balls. International Journal of GEOMATE, 15(47), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.47.06109
Machado, H., Cristino, A. F., Orišková, S., & Galhano dos Santos, R. 2022. Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals. Reactions, 3(1), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010009
Palareti, G., Legnani, C., Cosmi, B., Antonucci, E., Erba, N., Poli, D., Testa, S., & Tosetto, A. 2016. Comparison between different D-Dimer cutoff values to assess the individual risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: Analysis of results obtained in the DULCIS study. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 38(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.12426
Pamori, R., Efendi, R., & Restuhadi, F. 2015. Karakteristik Asap Cair dari Proses Pirolisis Limbah Sabut Kelapa Muda. Sagu, 14(2), 43–50.
Pratama, A. S. C., & Sa’diyah, K. 2023. Pengaruh Jenis Biomassa Terhadap Karakteristik Asap Cair Melalui Metode Pirolisis. DISTILAT: Jurnal Teknologi Separasi, 8(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.33795/distilat.v8i1.260
Promraksa, A., & Rakmak, N. 2020. Biochar production from palm oil mill residues and application of the biochar to adsorb carbon dioxide. Heliyon, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04019
Rahman, A. A., Sulaiman, F., & Abdullah, N. 2015. Enhancement of Pyrolysis Yield Distribution and Particulate Emission of Empty Fruit Bunches by Washing Pre-Treatment. Journal of Atmosphere, 1(2), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.94/2015.1.2/94.2.17.26
Rahmat, B., Pangesti, D., Natawijaya, D., & Sufyadi, D. 2014. Generation of wood-waste vinegar and its effectiveness as a plant growth regulator and pest insect repellent. BioResources, 9(4), 6350–6360. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.4.6350-6360
Sales, M. B., Borges, P. T., Ribeiro Filho, M. N., Miranda da Silva, L. R., Castro, A. P., Sanders Lopes, A. A., Chaves de Lima, R. K., de Sousa Rios, M. A., & Santos, J. C. S. do. 2022. Sustainable Feedstocks and Challenges in Biodiesel Production: An Advanced Bibliometric Analysis. Bioengineering, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100539
Shao, S., Zhang, H., Heng, L., Luo, M., Xiao, R., & Shen, D. 2014. Catalytic conversion of biomass derivates over acid dealuminated ZSM-5. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(41), 15871–15878. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie5024657
Sharip, N. S., Ariffin, H., Hassan, M. A., Nishida, H., & Shirai, Y. 2016. Characterization and application of bioactive compounds in oil palm mesocarp fiber superheated steam condensate as an antifungal agent. RSC Advances, 6(88), 84672–84683. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13292h
Sola, P., Mvumi, B. M., Ogendo, J. O., Mponda, O., Kamanula, J. F., Nyirenda, S. P., Belmain, S. R., & Stevenson, P. C. 2014. Botanical pesticide production, trade and regulatory mechanisms in sub-Saharan Africa: Making a case for plant-based pesticidal products. Food Security, 6(3), 369–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-014-0343-7
Yahaya, H. 2017. Akademia Baru Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Catalytic fast-pyrolysis process design and equipment setup for converting palm oil empty fruit bunch biomass to bio-oil Akademia Baru. 1(1), 1–8.
Yang, J. F., Yang, C. H., Liang, M. T., Gao, Z. J., Wu, Y. W., & Chuang, L. Y. 2016. Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of wood vinegar from litchi chinensis. Molecules, 21(9), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21091150
Yanti, R. N., Hambali, E., Pari, G., & Suryani, A. 2019. Palm oil plantation waste utilization for bio-oil using hydrothermal pyrolysis process. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(10), 3038–3042.
Zhou, Y. J., Buijs, N. A., Zhu, Z., Qin, J., Siewers, V., & Nielsen, J. 2016. Production of fatty acid-derived oleochemicals and biofuels by synthetic yeast cell factories. Nature Communications, 7(May), 11709. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11709
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v8i2.21661
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Euis - Nursa'adah, Frisa Rahmah Sari, Afrizal Mayub
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2.png)
_-_Copy11.jpg)
.png)
11.png)
.png)
EduChemia (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
________________________________________________________
EduChemia (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan) ISSN 2502-4778 (print) | ISSN 2502-4787 (online)
Published by Department of Chemistry Education - Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Address : Jl. Ciwaru Raya No. 25, Sempu, Kota Serang, Banten 42117, Indonesia
Email : educhemia@untirta.ac.id