DISKURSUS PERAN POLITIK POLITIK MASYARAKAT SIPIl MEMBANGUN DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA DALAM PANDANGAN KELOMPOK INTELEKTUAL JAWA TIMUR
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurai, dan membongkar diskursus peran politik masyarakat membangun demokrasi dalam pandangan kelompok intelektual Jawa Timur. Dalam penelitian ini peran masyarakat sipil setelah reformasi menjadi lebih sulit, dan dilematis karena sistem politik Indonesia dikuasai oleh oligarki yang setahap demi setahap membahayakan demokrasi. Sementara itu, peran politik masyarakat sipil semakin mengalami stagnasi akibat ketidadaan ruang-ruang politik, dan pasifnya masyarakat sipil dalam memahami kondisi demokrasi di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, kelompok intelektual Jawa Timur mempunyai pandangan beragam tentang masa depan, peluang, dan tantangan peran politik masyarakat sipil membangun demokrasi di Indonesia, sehingga kelompok intelektual Jawa Timur terbagi menjadi tiga kubu, yakni Pertama, kubu intelektual kritis yang memandang secara sinis kapasitas dari peran politik masyarakat sipil membangun demokrasi Indonesia. Kedua, kubu intelektual moderat yang memandang peran politik masyarakat sipil akan dapat membangun demokrasi Indonesia ke arah kemajuan. Ketiga, kubu intelektual simultan yang memandang bahwa peran politik masyarakat sipil dalam membangun demokrasi Indonesia tengah dalam proses, baik itu menuju progresif maupun regresif.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis wacana. Pendekatan analisis wacana digunakan untuk menguraikan, dan membongkar pandangan dari kubu intelektual mengenai peran politik masyarakat sipil dalam membangun demokrasi di Indonesia. Wacana-wacana yang diusung oleh tiga kubu intelektual digunakan untuk menjabarkan masalah, peluang, dilema, tantangan, dan harapan terkait dengan peran politik masyarakat sipil membangun demokrasi Indonesia.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah peran politik masyarakat sipil dalam membangun demokrasi mengalami stagnasi Pasca-Reformasi. Akibat dari stagnasi peran politik masyarakat sipil berimbas pada demokrasi Indonesia yang menunjukkan tanda-tanda kemunduran. Meskipun begitu, tiga kubu intelektual memahami stagnasi peran politik masyarakat sipil yang menyebabkan kemunduran demokrasi dengan pandangan yang berbeda. Kubu intelektual kritis memandang tidak ada jalan lain dari peran politik masyarakat sipil yang telah surut selain menunggu regresi demokrasi, bila tidak segera diambil tindakan cepat. Berbeda dengan kubu intelektual moderat yang berpandangan akan ada saatnya peran politik masyarakat sipil dapat membangun demokrasi ke arah progresif. Sementara kubu intelektual simultan berwacana pasang-surut peran politik masyarakat sipil tidak dapat dinilai secara hitam atau pputih. Sejarah akan menunjukkan apakah akan terjadi stagnasi atau bangkit untuk membangun demokrasi progresif.
Kata Kunci :Peran Politik, Masyarakat sipil, wacana, demokrasi, intelektual.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze and dismantle the discourse on the political role of society in building democracy in the view of East Java intellectuals. In this research, the role of civil society after the reformation becomes more difficult, and a dilemma because the Indonesian political system is controlled by an oligarchy which is gradually endangering democracy. Meanwhile, the political role of civil society is increasingly stagnant due to the absence of political space, and the passiveness of civil society in understanding the conditions of democracy in Indonesia. Therefore, the East Java intellectual group has diverse views about the future, opportunities and challenges of the political role of civil society in building democracy in Indonesia, so that the East Java intellectual group is divided into three camps, namely First, the critical intellectual camp which views cynically the capacity of the political role of civil society in building Indonesian democracy. Second, the moderate intellectual camp that views the political role of civil society will be able to build Indonesian democracy towards progress. Third, the simultaneous intellectual camp views that the political role of civil society in building Indonesian democracy is in the process, be it progressive or regressive.
This study uses a qualitative research method with a discourse analysis approach. The discourse analysis approach is used to describe and dismantle views from intellectuals regarding the political role of civil society in building democracy in Indonesia. Discourses promoted by three intellectual camps are used to describe problems, opportunities, dilemmas, challenges and hopes related to the political role of civil society in building Indonesian democracy. The result of this research is that the political role of civil society in building democracy has stagnated after the Reformation. As a result of the stagnation of civil society's political role, Indonesia's democracy is showing signs of decline. Even so, the three intellectual camps understand the stagnation of civil society's political role which has led to the decline of democracy with different views. The critical intellectual camp sees no other way from the political role of civil society which has receded than to wait for democratic regression, unless swift action is taken. In contrast to the moderate intellectual camp, which believes that there will be a time when civil society's political role can build democracy in a progressive direction. Meanwhile, the intellectual camp simultaneously discusses the ups and downs of the political role of civil society cannot be assessed in black or white terms. History will show whether it will stagnate or rise to build a progressive democracy.Keywords: The Role of Politics, Civil Society, discourse, democracy, intellectualReferences
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/hermeneutika.v9i2.23618
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