Institutional and Political Capacity in Climate Change: A Literature Review

Abstract

Climate change has become a global challenge that requires strong policy responses and cross-institutional coordination. Institutional capacity and political factors play an important role in determining the effectiveness of climate change policies. This article aims to explore how institutional capacity and political dynamics affect climate change policy implementation based on a literature review. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, this research analyses various theories, concepts, and empirical studies that have been conducted previously. The review shows that countries with strong institutions and high political stability are better able to adopt ambitious and sustainable climate change policies. However, challenges such as political inequality, economic resistance, and governance weaknesses remain major obstacles