Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) pada Kejadian Stunting di Negara Berkembang
Abstract
ABSTRAK
World Health Organization (WHO) menganggap stunting adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena prevalensi stunting pada anak di bawah 5 tahun pada tingkat global > 20% dan sering dijumpai di negara berkembang. Stunting memiliki dampak panjang terkait dengan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), dampak jangka menengah terkait intelektualitas dan kemampuan kognitif, dan dampak jangka pendek yang serius berupa morbiditas dan mortalitas pada bayi serta balita. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan pemberian ASI eksklusif dan MP-ASI dengan kejadian stunting pada anak, dengan fokus pada populasi negara berkembang. Berdasarkan beberapa hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa pemberian ASI eksklusif dan MP-ASI tepat waktu secara langsung berhubungan negatif dengan kejadian stunting pada anak. Riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif pada anak yang stunting lebih rendah (31%) dibandingkan pada anak yang tidak stunting (66%). Terdapat pengaruh secara langsung dan bersifat negatif antara pemberian MP-ASI tepat waktu saat anak usia 6 bulan dengan kejadian stunting (95% CI= -1,94 hingga -0,24; 0,012). Pemberian ASI eksklusif dan MP-ASI tepat waktu dengan makanan yang bervariasi sangat erat hubungannya dengan penurunan kejadian stunting pada anak-anak di negara berkembang.
Kata kunci : Stunting, asi eksklusif, makanan pendamping asi, negara berkembang
ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers stunting to be a public health problem because the prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years at the global level is> 20% and is often found in developing countries. Stunting has long-term impacts related to the quality of Human Resources (HR), medium-term impacts related to intellectuality and cognitive abilities, and serious short-term impacts in the form of morbidity and mortality in infants and toddlers. This article aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and complementary breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting in children, with a focus on populations of developing countries. Based on several research results, it is stated that exclusive breastfeeding and timely complementary breastfeeding are directly negatively associated with the incidence of stunting in children. History of exclusive breastfeeding in stunting children was lower (31%) than in non-stunting children (66%). There is a direct and negative effect between the provision of complementary breastfeeding on time at 6 months of age and the incidence of stunting (95% CI = -1.94 to -0.24; 0.012). Providing exclusive breastfeeding and complementary breastfeeding on time with a variety of foods is closely related to a reduction in the incidence of stunting in children in developing countries.
Keywords : stunting, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, developing countries.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52742/jgkp.v1i1.9447
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