SINTESIS BIOPLASTIK DARI SELULOSA ASETAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT: SEBUAH KAJIAN

Resi Levi Permadani, Silvia Silvia

Abstract


Seiring perkembangan zaman, kesadaran masyarakat akan produk-produk ramah lingkungan terus meningkat. Salah satu material yang tidak ramah lingkungan adalah plastik dan yang paling sering kita jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah kantong plastik. Material plastik yang banyak dimanfaatkan saat ini merupakan plastik berbasis petrokimia yang sulit terdegradasi di alam. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, alternatif yang dapat menggantikannya yaitu bioplastik. Material bioplastik diproduksi dari bahan baku biomassa. Pemanfaatan limbah biomassa seperti tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sangat berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan bioplastik. TKKS mengandung kadar selulosa yang tinggi, yang nantinya diproses menjadi selulosa asetat untuk pembuatan bioplastik. Limbah TKKS harus melalui proses pretreatment, delignifikasi dan bleaching terlebih dahulu untuk memperoleh selulosa murni, selanjutnya selulosa murni dilakukan proses asetilasi menghasilkan selulosa asetat. Pada proses pembuatan bioplastik, selulosa asetat sebagai matriks polimer ditambahkan bahan aditif seperti plasticizer dan filler untuk meningkatkan sifat fisik dan mekaniknya. Salah satu aplikasi dari bioplastik selulosa asetat yaitu untuk packaging atau kantong kemasan. Penggunaan limbah biomassa TKKS ini dapat memberikan nilai tambah yang semulanya hanya dibuang ke lingkungan atau dijadikan kompos. Artikel kajian ini membahas mengenai pembuatan bioplastik dari selulosa asetat tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang berfokus pada penambahan plasticizer dan filler.


Keywords


Bioplastik, Plasticizer, Selulosa, Selulosa Asetat, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36055/jip.v11i2.16553

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