KONVERSI HIDROKARBON MENJADI OLEFIN MELALUI PERENGKAHAN TERMAL DAN KATALITIK

Septian Arief Nur Rahman, Anton Irawan, Teguh Kurniawan

Abstract


Proses produksi olefin (CnH2n) dengan proses perengkahan hidrokarbon dapat dibagi menjadi empat bagian utama yaitu perengkahan, pendinginan, kompresi dan pemisahan. Dua jenis produk utama olefin yang sangat dikenal, yaitu etilena dan propilena. Pada bagian awal proses produksi yaitu perengkahan yang terjadi di dalam tungku pembakaran yang merupakan tempat terjadinya pembakaran untuk mengkonversi bahan baku hidrokarbon menjadi olefin dengan bantuan uap air panas. Tungku pembakaran dibagi lagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu area radiasi dan area konveksi. Reaksi utama terjadi di area radiasi. Bahan baku yang utama, yaitu etana, propana dan nafta. Masing-masing bahan baku mempunyai rendemen produk olefin yang berbeda-beda. Disisi lain dari perengkahan hidrokarbon ini terbentuknya residu karbon. Beberapa cara untuk mengontrol pembentukan residu karbon yaitu dengan pemilihan material pipa, seperti campuran Cr-Si dengan komposisi tinggi, atau dengan pelapisan Al, Cr, Si, kemudian dengan penambahan sulfur di umpan hidrokarbon, peningkatan rasio uap panas terhadap hidrokarbon dan dengan penambahan additif. Perengkahan secara katalitik berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut karena mempunyai konsumsi energi yang lebih rendah dan selektivitas olefin yang lebih fleksibel, meskipun demikian penelitian lebih jauh perludilakukan untuk memperoleh katalis yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
 
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Keywords


Perengkahan Hidrokarbon, Tungku Api, Olefin, Residu Karbon, Termal, Katalitik

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36055/jip.v9i1.8132

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