Analisis densitas, kekerasan dan struktur kristal paduan Al-Ti yang dibuat menggunakan teknik pemaduan mekanik
Abstract
Komponen paduan Al-Ti merupakan bahan yang cukup perspektif yang banyak digunakan sebagai komponen otomotif, komponen selongsong roket dan komponen pada pesawat terbang. Material Al-Ti untuk komponen tersebut masih diimport, padahal bahan baku Al cukup berlimpah di dalam negeri, sehingga hasil penelitian ini diharapkan mampu mendorong tumbuhnya industri material paduan Al-Ti di dalam negeri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat material paduan Al-Ti serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi Ti terhadap sifat fisis, mekanik dan struktur mikronya. Preparasi sampel Al-Ti dilakukan dengan komposisi Ti yaitu 0%, 2%, 4% dan 6% berat dan dibuat melalui metalurgi serbuk menggunakan mesin high energy milling (HEM). Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah serbuk Al murni dan serbuk Ti murni. Proses milling dilakukan selama 30 menit. Serbuk yang diperoleh selanjutnya dicetak tekan membentuk pelet dengan tekanan 40 MPa dan selanjutnya dilakukan sintering pada suhu 550C, 600oC dan 650oC menggunakan vacuum furnace. Karakterisasi sampel pelet paduan yang telah dilakukansintering meliputi pengukuran massa jenis, kekerasan, kuat tekan dan struktur kristal denganmenggunakan XRD. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aditif yang optimal adalah 4% dan 6% berat Ti pada suhu sintering 650oC, dimana diperoleh nilai densitas sebesar 2,62 g/cm dan 2,65cm3, kekerasan Vickers sebesar 118,317 Hv dan 119,404 Hv., dan kuat tekan sebesar 1208,35 MPa dan 1225,30 MPa. Hasil XRD teridentifikasi fasa Al sebagai fasa dominan, sedangkan fasa Ti dan AlTi adalah fasa minor.
Al-Ti alloy components are a material that has a perspective that is widely used as an automotivecomponent, rocket shell components and components in aircraft. Al-Ti material for these components isstill imported even though Al-Ti raw materials are quite abundant in the country, so the results of thisstudy are expected to be able to encourage the growth of the Al-Ti alloy material industry in the country. The purpose of this study was to make Al-Ti alloy materials and to determine the effect of Ti composition on physical, mechanical and microstructure properties. Al-Ti sample preparation was carried out with aTi composition of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight and was made through powder metallurgy using a high energy milling (HEM) machine. The raw materials used are pure Al powder and pure Ti powder. The milling process was carried out for 30 minutes in dry conditions. The powder obtained was then pressed to form pellets with a pressure of 40 MPa and then sintered at a temperature of 550oC using a vacuum furnace. Characterization of alloy pellet samples that have been sintered includes measurements of density, hardness, compressive strength and crystal structure using XRD. The results of characterization showed that the optimal addition of additives was 4% and 6% by weight Ti at a sintering temperature of 650oC, where the density values were 2.62 g/cm3 and 2.65 g/cm3, Vickers hardness was 118.317 Hv and 119.404 Hv, and compressive strength amounting to 1208.35 MPa and 1225.30 MPa. XRD results identified the Al phase as the dominant phase, while Ti and Al Ti phases were minor phases.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36055/tjst.v16i2.9078
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