Religious Anthropology: Catalyst for Unravelling Discourses and Fostering Profound Understanding in Arab Society through Islamic Law

Muhtadi Al-Abyadh, Mohammad Reevany Bustami, Ikomatussuniah Ikomatussuniah

Abstract


The Arab-Islamic world remains afflicted by a lack of mutual acceptance, both within Islamic sects and among different religions. This study seeks to alleviate this issue by advocating for the advancement of religious anthropology, aiming to enable researchers to comprehend the religious and social dynamics of both them and others. This understanding is pivotal in promoting values of tolerance and peace, replacing the current undercurrents of violence and animosity. Employing anthropological epistemology, the researcher examines the origins of Arab-Islamic violence through deductive analysis. Notably, the study identifies the jurisprudence “Fiqh” as a one of sources the violence and hostility, in stark contrast to the values of tolerance and peace present in the Holy Qur’an—the primary legislative source. To firmly establish these principles, integrating anthropological studies into both educational and religious sciences curricula is essential. This proactive approach aims to reshape perceptions and foster mutual understanding, thereby guiding the Arab-Islamic world towards unity, empathy, and shared progress.


Keywords


Religious Anthropology; School Curricula; Violence; Islamic Law, Monotheistic Religions

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdelrahman, Mohamed. “DNA between Arabs and Jews.” The Seventh Day, 2019. https://www.youm7.com/story/2019/11/17/عالم-روسي-يفند-مزاعم-الصهاينة-أناتولي-كليوسوف-اليهود-جنس-غير/4506962.

Abu-Lughod, Leila. “Zones of Theory in the Anthropology of the Arab World Author.” Annual Review of Anthropology 18, no. 1989 (2008): 267–306. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2155894%0AREFERENCES.

Al-Jahiz, Abi Othman bin Amr Al-Bahr. “Kitab Alhayawan/ Animal Book: Aljahiz d 255 H,” 1965.

Al-Rifai, Abdul-Jabbar. “Religion and the Ontological Thirst.” Dar Al-Tanweer, 2016.

Alagha, Joseph. “Ibn Khaldun: A Sociology of History.” International Sociology 32, no. 2 (2017): 180–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580916687460.

Ali, Jawad. “The Detailed History of the Arabs Before Islam.” In Baghdad University Helped Spread It. I, 2:1993, 1993.

Arkoun, Mohammed. “Liberation of Islamic Consciousness, towards Getting out of the Dogmatic Fences.” Dar Al-Tali’a for Printing and Publishing, 2011. isbn: 9 789953 409313.

Barth, Fredrik, Andre Gingrich, Robert Parkin, and Sydel Silverman. One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American Anthropology. NBER Working Papers. The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London, 2005. http://www.nber.org/papers/w16019.

Bentley, G. Carter. “On Anthropological Epistemology: Praxis and Critique.” Reviews in Anthropology 11, no. 3 (1984): 170–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00988157.1984.9977681.

Boisard, Marcel. Humanism in Islam. American Trust Publications, 1987.

Bowie, Fiona. “An Anthropology of Religious Experience: Spirituality, Gender and Cultural Transmission in the Focolare Movement.” International Journal of Phytoremediation 68, no. 1 (2003): 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/0014184032000060362.

———. “Anthropology of Religion.” In Studying Global PentecostalismTheories and Methods, 156–74. University of California Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520266612.003.0009.

Bradley, Anthony. “HERMENEUTICS AND INTERPRETATION IN ANTHROPOLOGY.” In The Political Economy of Liberation, 304–22. Peter Lang, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-1-4539-0554-8/4.

Buresi, Pascal. “Violence and Warfare in Medieval Western Islam.” History and Anthropology 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 39–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2060214.

Burnyeat, Gwen, and Miranda Sheild Johansson. “An Anthropology of the Social Contract: The Political Power of an Idea.” Critique of Anthropology 42, no. 3 (2022): 221–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X221120168.

Clifford Geertz. The Interpretation of Cultures. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. Macat Library, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781912128310.

Eyadat, Zaid, Francesca M Corrao, and Mohammed Hashas. Islam, State, and Modernity Mohammed Abed Al-Jabri and the Future of the Arab World. Edited by Zaid Eyadat, Francesca M. Corrao, and Mohammed Hashas. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59760-1.

Freud, Sigmund. Totem and Taboo. Nature. The Taylor. Routledge, 2004.

Gavrov, Sergei, and Igor Klyukanov. “Modernization, Sociological Theories Of.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Second Edi., 15:707–13. Elsevier, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.32094-3.

Hamied G. M. Al-Hashimi. “Iraqi Personality in Light of Ali Al-Wardi’s Works: A Critical Review.” Sociology Study 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2017). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5526/2017.01.001.

Harb, Ali. “Interpretation and Truth (Interpretive Readings in Arab Culture).” Dar Al-Tanweer for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 1985. isbn-10: 9786589099376.

Hassan, Abu Al-Nour Hamdi Abu Al-Nour. “Jürgen Habermas Ethics and Communication.” Dar Al-Tanweer, Beirut, 2009. isbn: 9789953730851%0A.

Hoffman, Michael. “Religion and Tolerance of Minority Sects in the Arab World.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, no. 2–3 (2020): 432–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719864404.

Hughes, Aaron W. Abrahamic Religions. Abrahamic Religions: On the Uses and Abuses of History. Oxford University Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199934645.001.0001.

Hussien, Taha. “The Great Sedition (Othman).” Hindawi Foundation, 2013.

Kazem, Alaa Jawad. “The Picture Is an Anthropology Story.” Dar Altanwir, 2013. isbn:139789953582115.

Kronenfeld, David B., Giovanni Bennardo, Victor C. de Munck, and Michael D. Fischer. A Companion to Cognitive Anthropology. Edited by David B. Kronenfeld, Giovanni Bennardo, Victor C. de Munck, and Michael D. Fischer. Wikey-Blackwell. Wiley, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444394931.

Laet, Marianne de. “Anthropology as Social Epistemology?” Social Epistemology 26, no. 3–4 (2012): 419–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2012.727196.

Lakashmi, Othman. “For a New Anthropology for a New World.” AlFaisal, 2019. https://www.alfaisalmag.com/?p=15189.

Li, Darryl. “How to Read a Case: Ethnographic Lawyering, Conspiracy, and the Origins of Al Qaeda.” American Anthropologist 125, no. 3 (September 13, 2023): 559–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13873.

Lohlker, Rüdiger. “Fiqh Reconsidered: Indigenization and Universalization of Islamic Law in Indonesia.” Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 7, no. 1 (2021): 188–208. https://doi.org/10.30965/23642807-bja10011.

Masud, Muhammad Khalid. “Islamic Modernism.” Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debates, 2009, 237–60.

Moosa, Ebrahim. “Colonialism and Islamic Law.” Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debates, 2009, 158–81.

Nye, Malory. “Religion Is Religioning? Anthropology and the Cultural Study of Religion.” Scottish Journal of Religious Studies 20, no. 2 (1999): 193–243.

Piazza, James. “Intolerance of Non-Muslim Political Rights and Engagement in Political Violence: A Study of Public Opinion in 11 Arab Countries.” Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression 0, no. 0 (2022): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2022.2061570.

Raouf, Adel. Mind Formation Between the Jurisprudential Emulation and the Culture of Emulation/ Arabic Book. Iraqi Center for Media and Studies, 2007.

Razzaq, Asaad Abdul. “The Fiqh of Atonement.” Dar Sutur, Baghdad, 2018.

Reid, Richard. “Sacred Violence and Spirited Resistance: On War and Religion in African History.” History and Anthropology 34, no. 1 (2023): 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2022.2060213.

Riley, Robert R. “The Closing of The Muslim Mind.” Manshurat Aljamal, 2018. ISBN 9789933353926.

Salloum, Saad. “Minorities in Iraq: National Legal Framework, Political Participation, and the Future of Citizenship Given the Current Changes.” In Beyond ISIS: History and Future of Religious Minorities in Iraq, 11–32. Transnational Press London, 2019.

Schiller, Naomi. “Liberalism, Anthropology Of.” International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences 14 (2015): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.12206-8.

Seymour-Smith, Charlotte. Palgrave Dictionary of Anthropology. Macmillan International Higher Education, 1987.

Shea, Nina, and Ali Al-Ahmed. Saudi Arabia’s Curriculum of Intolerance with Excerpts from Saudi Ministry of Education Textbooks for Islamic Studies. Center for Religious Freedom, 2006. www.freedomhouse.org/religion.%0Ahttp://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=published_articles_and_op-eds.

Smith, Russell, and Bronislaw Malinowski. Crime and Custom in Savage Society. Routledge, 2018.

Warsono, Warsono, and Muhtadi Alabyadh. “Religion: Functional and Dysfunctional, From Daily Life To Become Media Coverage.” The Journal of Society and Media 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 257–71. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v6n1.p257-271.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.51825/nhk.v6i2.21815

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Nurani Hukum

EDITORIAL ADDRESS

Faculty of Law, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Raya Palka KM. 03 Sindangsari Pabuaran Kab. Serang    
Telp. (0254) 280330 Ext. 218, Fax.: (0254) 281254
Website: https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/nhk
E-mail  : jurnalnuranihk@untirta.ac.id 

 OPEN ACCESS POLICY

Nurani Hukum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum is an open access journal, so articles are freely available to the readers.

 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.