LEGALITY AND CONTROVERSY: THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDONESIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF ISLAMIC LAW, CRIMINAL LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Muhyi Mohas; Reine Rofiana; Mentari Jastisia; Jarkasi Anwar; Alief Risyawan

doi:10.51825/tjil.v4i1.32713

LEGALITY AND CONTROVERSY: THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDONESIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF ISLAMIC LAW, CRIMINAL LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Muhyi Mohas, Reine Rofiana, Mentari Jastisia, Jarkasi Anwar, Alief Risyawan

Abstract

The legality of the death penalty remains controversial as it often conflicts with the right to life. Therefore, this study examined the legality of imposing the death penalty from Criminal Law, International Human Rights, and National Human Rights perspectives. We employed a normative juridical approach as the method. The findings suggest that beheading, as a form of the death penalty, is viewed as a means of upholding absolute justice and deterrence, following Islamic Sharia. This practice reflects a deep respect for human rights and justice, embodying the 'an eye for an eye' principle. It is encapsulated in the Quranic verse: 'The law of death for those who kill, and the law of cutting off hands for those who steal.' (QS Al-Maidah: 45). According to the criminal law perspective, the death penalty is legal as it is regulated under Article 10 of the Indonesian Criminal Code as a principal punishment under certain circumstances, and in Article 100 of the Indonesian Criminal Code No. 1 of 2023, the death penalty is included as a special punishment with an alternative probation period of 10 years. According to International Human Rights perspectives, the death penalty is not absolute. There are two theories regarding the death penalty in International Human Rights: Universalism, and Cultural Relativism.

Keywords

Legality; Death Penalty; Criminal Law; Human Rights

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.51825/tjil.v4i1.32713