.png)
.png)
Komposisi Asam Lemak Minyak Kelapa Murni (Virgin Coconut Oil) yang Berpotensi sebagai Anti Kandidiasis
Abstract
Abstract:
Candida albicans is fungi that cause 50-90% candidiasis in human. Candida albicans is commensal and opportunistic pathogen which interfere gastrointestinal, oropharynx, and female genitalia. Candida albicans resistant to standard antifungal due to repeated use of antifungal. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contain fatty acid which effective as antifungal. The previous study showed the result of Kirby Bauer method on antifungal effect of 7.5% fatty acid in VCO were able to inhibit Candida albicans, this concentration is equal to nystatin 195 unit. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry showed the fatty acids are caproic acid (0.187%), cyclopropanepentanoic acid (1,12%), nonanoic acid (0.54%), lauric acid (32.73%), myristic acid (28.55%), palmitic acid (17.16%), oleic acid (14.09%), adna octadecanoic acid (5.68%). Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid in VCO are able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.
Abstrak:
Candida albicans merupakan jamur penyebab 50-90% kandidiasis pada manusia. Candida albicans merupakan pathogen komensal dan dapat menjadi oportunis, pada saluran gastrointestinal, orofaring, dan kelamin wanita. Terjadinya resistensi pada pengobatan kandidiasis diakibatkan karena pemakaian yang berulang. Minyak kelapa murni (VCO) mengandung asam lemak yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antijamur. Hasil uji antijamur metode Kirby Bauer VCO terhadap Candida albicans menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 7.5% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans, nilai ini sebanding dengan nystatin
195 unit. Hasil kromatografi gas spektrometri massa, asam lemak yang terkandung dalam VCO tersebut yaitu asam kaproat (0,187%), asam oktanoat (1,12%), asam siklopropanapentanoat (0,54%), asam laurat (32,73%), asam miristat (28.55%), asam palmitat (17,16%), asam oleat (14,09%), dan asam stearat (5,68%). Asam lemak jenuh dan tidak jenuh dalam VCO terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agoramoorthy, G., Chandrasekaran, M., Venkatesalu, V., Hsu, M.J., 2007. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of fatty acid methyl esters of the blind-your-eye mangrove from India. Braz. J. Microbiol. 38, 739–742.
Altieri, C., Bevilacqua, A., Cardillo, D., Sinigaglia, M., 2009. Antifungal activity of fatty acids and their monoglycerides against Fusarium spp. in a laboratory medium. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 44, 242–245.
Arif, T., Bhosale, J.D., Kumar, N., Mandal, T.K., Bendre, R.S., Lavekar, G.S., Dabur, R., 2009. Natural products--antifungal agents derived from plants. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 11, 621–638.
Avis, T.J., 2007. Antifungal compounds that target fungal membranes: applications in plant disease control. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 29, 323–329.
Avis, T.J., Bélanger, R.R., 2001. Specificity and mode of action of the antifungal fatty acid cis-9-heptadecenoic acid produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 956–960.
Bergsson, G., Arnfinnsson, J., Steingrímsson O, null, Thormar, H., 2001. In vitro killing of Candida albicans by fatty acids and monoglycerides. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 3209–3212.
Chaffin, W.L., 2008. Candida albicans Cell Wall Proteins. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 72, 495–544.
Dayrit, F.M., Buenafe, O.E.M., Chainani, E.T., de Vera, I.M.S., Dimzon, I.K.D., Gonzales, E.G., Santos, J.E.R., 2007. Standards for essential composition and quality factors of commercial virgin coconut oil and its differentiation from RBD [refined bleached and deodorized]. Philipp. J. Sci. Philipp.
Debono, M., Turner, W.W., LaGrandeur, L., Burkhardt, F.J., Nissen, J.S., Nichols, K.K., Rodriguez, M.J., Zweifel, M.J., Zeckner, D.J., 1995. Semisynthetic Chemical Modification of the Antifungal Lipopeptide Echinocandin B (ECB): Structure-Activity Studies of the Lipophilic and Geometric Parameters of Polyarylated Acyl Analogs of ECB. J. Med. Chem. 38, 3271–3281.
Desbois, A.P., Smith, V.J., 2010. Antibacterial free fatty acids: activities, mechanisms of action and biotechnological potential. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85, 1629–1642.
Dufourc, E.J., 2008. Sterols and membrane dynamics. J. Chem. Biol. 1, 63–77.
Ells, R., Kock, J.L.F., Wyk, V., J, P.W., Botes, P.J., Pohl, C.H., 2009. Arachidonic acid increases antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 63, 124–128.
Huang, C.B., Alimova, Y., Myers, T.M., Ebersole, J.L., 2011. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms. Arch. Oral Biol. 56, 650–654.
Intahphuak, S., Khonsung, P., Panthong, A., 2010. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of virgin coconut oil. Pharm. Biol. 48, 151–157.
Kanafani, Z.A., Perfect, J.R., 2008. Resistance to Antifungal Agents: Mechanisms and Clinical Impact. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46, 120–128.
Liu, S., Ruan, W., Li, J., Xu, H., Wang, J., Gao, Y., Wang, J., 2008. Biological control of phytopathogenic fungi by fatty acids. Mycopathologia 166, 93–102.
Martins, N., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Barros, L., Silva, S., Henriques, M., 2014. Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment. Mycopathologia 177, 223–240.
Murzyn, A., Krasowska, A., Stefanowicz, P., Dziadkowiec, D., Łukaszewicz, M., 2010. Capric Acid Secreted by S. boulardii Inhibits C. albicans Filamentous Growth, Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. PLOS ONE 5, e12050.
Novilla, A., Nursidika, P., Resmelia, M., 2016. Potensi Asam Lemak Pada Minyak Kelapa Murni Dalam Menghambat Candida Albicans Secara In Vitro. Maj. Kedokt. Bdg. 48, 200–204.
Odds, F.C., 2010. Molecular phylogenetics and epidemiology of Candida albicans. Future Microbiol. 5, 67–79.
Ogbolu, D. o., Oni, A. a., Daini, O. a., Oloko, A. p., 2007. In Vitro Antimicrobial Properties of Coconut Oil on Candida Species in Ibadan, Nigeria. J. Med. Food 10, 384–387.
Pohl, C.H., Kock, J.L., Thibane, V.S., 2011. Antifungal free fatty acids: a review. Sci. Microb. Pathog. Curr. Res. Technol. Adv. 1, 61–71.
Ruhnke, M., 2006. Epidemiology of Candida albicans infections and role of non-Candida-albicans yeasts. Curr. Drug Targets 7, 495–504.
Sado-Kamdem, S.L., Vannini, L., Guerzoni, M.E., 2009. Effect of alpha-linolenic, capric and lauric acid on the fatty acid biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 129, 288–294.
Sanglard, D., 2016. Emerging Threats in Antifungal-Resistant Fungal Pathogens. Front. Med. 3.
Shilling, M., Matt, L., Rubin, E., Visitacion, M.P., Haller, N.A., Grey, S.F., Woolverton, C.J., 2013. Antimicrobial effects of virgin coconut oil and its medium-chain fatty acids on Clostridium difficile. J. Med. Food 16, 1079–1085.
Silalahi, J., Permata, Y., Putra, E.D. lux, 2014. Antibacterial Acitivity of Hydrolyzed Virgin Coconut Oil. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 7, 90–94.
Souza, T.B. de, Bretas, A.C.O., Alves, R.J., Magalhães, T.F.F., Stoianoff, M.A.R., Souza, T.B. de, Bretas, A.C.O., Alves, R.J., Magalhães, T.F.F., Stoianoff, M.A.R., 2015. Synthesis and antifungal activity of palmitic acid-based neoglycolipids related to papulacandin D. Quím. Nova 38, 1282–1288.
Thibane, V.S., Kock, J.L.F., Ells, R., Wyk, P.W.J. van, Pohl, C.H., 2010. Effect of Marine Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. Mar. Drugs 8, 2597–2604.
Wille, J.J., Kydonieus, A., 2003. Palmitoleic Acid Isomer (C16:1Δ6) in Human Skin Sebum Is Effective against Gram-Positive Bacteria. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 16, 176–187.
Winarsi, H., Hernayanti, H., Purwanto, A., 2009. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Enriched with Zn as Immunostimulator for Vaginal Candidiasis Patient. HAYATI J. Biosci. 15, 135.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v2i2.1447
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Arina Novilla, Perdina Nursidika, Wikan Mahargyani
2.png)
_-_Copy11.jpg)
.png)
11.png)
EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
________________________________________________________
EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan ISSN 2502-4779 (print) | ISSN 2502-4787 (online)
Published by Department of Chemistry Education - Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Address : Jl. Ciwaru Raya No. 25, Sempu, Kota Serang, Banten 42117, Indonesia
Email : [email protected]