Analysis and Optimization of Betanin Extraction from Juice of the Peel and Fleshes of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus costaricencis)

Prina Puspa Kania, Ayi Furqon

Abstract


Currently, health issues are no longer related to how to treat diseases but rather prioritize the prevention of various diseases by eating foods that contain high levels of nutrients, known as functional foods. Red dragon fruit contains betanin dye, which has various health benefits and can be grouped into functional foods. Some studies have been conducted to obtain betanin from red dragon fruit, but it is not yet known how much betanin content is present in the juice of the flesh and peel of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricencis) and how to determine the optimum extraction conditions. This study aims to analyze the betanin content in the skin and flesh of red dragon fruit and the optimal extraction conditions so that betanin can be obtained in maximum quantities. The extraction method used was the maceration method with three solvents, namely, water, ethanol, and methanol. Analysis of the betanin content in the skin and flesh of dragon fruit was carried out using UV‒Vis spectrophotometry. The results of the study revealed that water solvents can extract betanin well. In addition, the ratios of dragon fruit to water were 2:1 (flesh and water) and 1:1 (skin and water), respectively, while the optimum extraction temperature was 4–8°C. The optimum extraction time was 24 hours. Betanin was obtained from the skin and flesh of red dragon fruit at a sample:solvent ratio of 1:1, with values of 21.71 mg/mL and 17.8 mg/mL, respectively.

Keywords


Betanin, Red Dragon Fruit, Extraction

Full Text:

PDF

References


Anggistia, M. D., Widiyandari, H., & Anam, K. (2016). Identifikasi dan Kuantifikasi Antosianin dari Fraksi Bunga Rosela (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) dan Pemanfaatannya sebagai Zat Warna Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 19(2), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.14710/JKSA.19.2.50-57

Asra, R., Yetti, R. D., Rusdi, R., Audina, S., & Nessa, N. (2019). Studi fisikokimia betasianin dalam kulit buah naga dan aplikasinya sebagai pewarna merah alami sediaan farmasi. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy)(e-Journal), 5(2), 140-146. https://doi.org/10.22487/J24428744.2019.V5.I2.13498

Cahyani, N., & Sanjaya, I. G. M. (2021). Potensi Senyawa Betalain pada Ekstrak Biji Binahong Berbatang Merah (Anredera cordifolia) sebagai Fotosensitizer Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Al-Kimia, 9(2), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-kimiav9i2.20610

Cheok, A., Xu, Y., Zhang, Z., Caton, P.W., Rodriguez-Mateos, A. (2022). Betalain-rich dragon fruit (pitaya) consumption improves vascular function in men and women: a double-blind, randomized controlled crossover trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 115, 1418–1431. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab410

Da Silva, D. V. T., dos Santos Baião, D., de Oliveira Silva, F., Alves, G., Perrone, D., Del Aguila, E. M., & Paschoalin, V. M. F. (2019). Betanin, a natural food additive: Stability, bioavailability, antioxidant and preservative ability assessments. Molecules, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES24030458

Esatbeyoglu, T., Wagner, A. E., Schini‐Kerth, V. B., & Rimbach, G. (2015). Betanin—A food colorant with biological activity. Molecular nutrition & food research, 59(1), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400484

Hendra, R., Masdeatresa, L., Abdulah, R., & Haryani, Y. (2020, June). Red dragon peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as antioxidant source. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2243(1). AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0001391

Huang, Y., Brennan, M. A., Kasapis, S., Richardson, S. J., & Brennan, C. S. (2021). Maturation process, nutritional profile, bioactivities and utilisation in food products of red pitaya fruits: A Review. Foods, 10(11), 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10112862

Khoo, H.E., He, X., Tang, Y., Li, Z., Li, C., Zeng, Y., Tang, J., Sun, J. (2022). Betacyanins and anthocyanins in pulp and peel of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus cv. Jindu), inhibition of oxidative stress, lipid reducing, and cytotoxic effects. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 894438. https://doi.org/10.3389/FNUT.2022.894438/BIBTEX

Li, X., Zhang, Z.H., Qiao, J., Qu, W., Wang, M.S., Gao, X., Zhang, C., Brennan, C.S., Qi, X. (2022). Improvement of betalains stability extracted from red dragon fruit peel by ultrasound-assisted microencapsulation with maltodextrin. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 82, 105897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105897

Priatni, S., & Pradita, A. (2015). Stability study of betacyanin extract from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peels. Procedia Chemistry, 16, 438-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.076

Sadowska-Bartosz, I., & Bartosz, G. (2021). Biological properties and applications of betalains. Molecules, 26(9), 2520. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092520

Sinaga, F., Husein, R. O., Ishmatullah, M. H., Nuralisa, R. A., Amalia, N., Nugraha, B. A. P., & Zuhrotun, A. (2021). Isolasi Senyawa Turunan Betalain dan Aktivitas Farmakologi Senyawa Betanin dari Tanaman Rivina humilis L. Farmaka, 19(2), 109-118.

Tarte, I., Singh, A., Dar, A. H., Sharma, A., Altaf, A., & Sharma, P. (2023). Unfolding the potential of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) for value addition: A review. eFood, 4(2), e76. https://doi.org/10.1002/efd2.76

Thi, M., Chi, P. (2021). Extraction and Preservation of Betacyanin pigment from the Peel of White Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus). International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Management, 05, 9–17.

Marlina, M., Wijaya, M., & Kadirman, K. (2019). Pengaruh penambahan buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap mutu permen karamel susu. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian, 5(1), 85-97.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v9i1.23409

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 prina puspa kania

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

EduChemia Indexed by:

   

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 More Indecxing...                                                         

Creative Commons License

EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

________________________________________________________

EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan ISSN 2502-4779 (print) | ISSN 2502-4787 (online)
Published by Department of Chemistry Education - Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Address : Jl. Ciwaru Raya No. 25, Sempu, Kota Serang, Banten 42117, Indonesia
Email  : [email protected]