Efek Ekstrak Nigella sativa Terhadap Histopatologi Pankreas Dan Hepar Pada Tikus Model Diabetes Melitus

Abdul Rasyid, Devy Ariany, Luluk Hermawati, Nurlaely Mida Rachmawati, Hilizza Awalina Zulfa

Abstract


Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolik kronis yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia akibat defisiensi absolut maupun relatif insulin, atau resistensi terhadap kerja insulin. Kondisi ini tidak hanya memengaruhi metabolisme glukosa, tetapi juga dapat menimbulkan komplikasi sistemik, termasuk kerusakan organ vital seperti hepar. Streptozotocin (STZ), suatu agen antimikroba yang diisolasi dari Streptomyces achromogenes, dikenal memiliki sitotoksisitas selektif terhadap sel β pankreas, sehingga sering digunakan untuk menginduksi model diabetes eksperimental melalui destruksi sel β. Di samping terapi farmakologis konvensional menggunakan obat antidiabetes oral (OAD), pendekatan alternatif seperti penggunaan fitoterapi telah banyak diteliti karena potensi efek terapetiknya dalam mengelola DM dan komplikasinya. Salah satu tanaman herbal yang berpotensi adalah habbatussauda (Nigella sativa) yang mampu memperbaiki kerusakan sel β pankreas serta jaringan hati. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dan bertujuan mengevaluasi efek terapi habbatussauda (HS) terhadap gambaran histopatologis pankreas dan hati tikus yang diinduksi dengan STZ. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian HS dengan dosis 300 mg/kgBB/hari dapat memperbaiki struktur sel β pankreas, ditandai dengan bentuk nukleus yang lebih membulat dan susunan sel yang lebih teratur, serta menormalkan ukuran nukleus hepatosit. Kesimpulannya, habbatussauda mampu memberikan efek perbaikan pada jaringan pankreas dan hati tikus yang diinduksi STZ, berdasarkan hasil pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE).

Keywords


Streptozotocin; Nigella sativa; habbatussauda; tikus model; diabetes melitus; histopatologi

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62870/jgkp.v6i1.32584

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