Public Awareness on Data: Case in Indonesian Elections and Advocating For Cybersecurity Reinforcement

Mohammad Fadil Imran; Dwi Asmoro

doi:10.31506/jog.v9i1.23854

Public Awareness on Data: Case in Indonesian Elections and Advocating For Cybersecurity Reinforcement

Mohammad Fadil Imran, Dwi Asmoro

Abstract

The rapid pace of internet advancement necessitates heightened vigilance from internet users and the broader community to combat the pervasive adverse effects, including counterfeiting and data theft. This research aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the level of public awareness regarding data protection during the election process in Indonesia. It also explores different suggestions to enhance cyber security in the context of elections, based on previous literature analysis and current observations. Our finding shows the public has been aware regarding the security of their personal data, specifically the Population Identification Number (NIK), due to the revelation of reporting or complaints, as well as extensive verification of personal identities on political party member validation platforms. On the other hand, the issue of NIK data theft must be taken seriously by the government. As a result, this article suggests that policymakers increase public awareness by increasing digital literacy and strengthening data security regulations.

Keywords

Public awareness; Indonesian election; cybersecurity; identity protection

Full Text:

PDF 13-28

References

Ahmed, M. M., & Ahmed, A. M. (2023). Citizens’ Data Protection in E-government System. International Journal of Innovative Computing, 13(2), 1–9.

Alguliyev, R. (2018). Role of Social Networks in E-government : Risks and Security Threats. 8(4), 363–376.

Anang, M. S. (2022). Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pengawasan Pendaftaran Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu Tahun 2024. Jurnal Pengawasan Pemilu, 2, 177.

Antara News. (2022, December 5). Ketua KPU Bali sebut kasus pencatutan nama oleh parpol sangat masif. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3224853/ketua-kpu-bali-sebut-kasus-pencatutan-nama-oleh-parpol-sangat-masif

Astutik, H. D., & Angin, R. (2023). Digitalisasi Sistem Informasi Partai Politik (Sipol) pada Tahapan Verifikasi Pencalonan Partai Politik untuk Pemilu Tahun 2024 di Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Kabupaten Jember. Pubmedia Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(2).

Azmy, A. S., & Harahap, H. G. (2022). Akuntabilitas Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) dalam Pendaftaran dan Verifikasi Sistem Informasi Partai Politik (SIPOL) Pada Pemilu Tahun 2019. INDEPENDEN: Jurnal Politik Indonesia Dan Global, 3(2), 37–48.

Baxter, J. (2011). Public sector professional identities: a review of the literature.

Berends, J., Carrara, W., & Vollers, H. (2020). Analytical Report 6: Open Data in Cities 2. https://data.europa.eu/sites/default/files/edp_analytical_report_n6_-

Berka, A. L., & Creamer, E. (2018). Taking stock of the local impacts of community owned renewable energy: A review and research agenda. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 3400–3419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.050

Bestari, N. P. (2022, November 4). Horor! Data Pribadi Orang Lain Dipakai Buat Pinjam di Pinjol. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20221103143919-37-384908/horor-data-pribadi-orang-lain-dipakai-buat-pinjam-di-pinjol

Breuer, J., & Pierson, J. (2021). The right to the city and data protection for developing citizen-centric digital cities. Information, Communication & Society, 24(6), 797–812.

Camacho, M., Minelli, J., & Grosseck, G. (2012). Self and identity: raising undergraduate students’ awareness on their digital footprints. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 3176–3181.

Caplan, J. (2001). This or That Particular Person: Protocols of Identification in Nineteenth-Century Europe. In J. Caplan & J. Torpey (Eds.), Documenting Individual Identity (pp. 49–67,). Princeton Press.

Carmi, E., Yates, S. J., Lockley, E., & Pawluczuk, A. (2020). Data citizenship: Rethinking data literacy in the age of disinformation, misinformation, and malinformation. Internet Policy Review, 9(2), 1–22.

Carnley, P. R., & Kettani, H. (2019). Identity and Access Management for the Internet of Things. International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 8(4), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijfcc.2019.8.4.554

Çavlin, A. (2011). Citizenship rights in a surveillance society : The case of the electronic ID card in Turkey. Surveillance & Society, 9, 64–79.

Chokki, A. P., Simonofski, A., & Frénay, B. (2022). Increasing Awareness and Usefulness of Open Government Data: An Empirical Analysis of Communication Methods’. 16th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science.

Chokki, A. P., Simonofski, A., Frénay, B., & Vanderose, B. (2022). Open government data awareness: eliciting citizens’ requirements for application design. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 16(4), 377–390.

Chumnumpan, P., & Shi, X. (2019). Understanding new products’ market performance using Google Trends. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 27(2), 91–103.

CNN Indonesia. (2022a, September 28). KPU: Parpol Catut Nama Warga di Semua Provinsi. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220928183638-617-853908/kpu-parpol-catut-nama-warga-di-semua-provinsi

CNN Indonesia. (2022b, December 16). Bawaslu: 20 Ribu Lebih Identitas Warga Dicatut Parpol ke Sipol. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221216140356-617-888299/bawaslu-20-ribu-lebih-identitas-warga-dicatut-parpol-ke-sipol

CNN Indonesia. (2023, July 20). 407 Warga Garut Dicatut Buat Utang, Contoh Nyata Bahaya Bocor Data. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20230720105256-192-975551/407-warga-garut-dicatut-buat-utang-contoh-nyata-bahaya-bocor-data

Deviana, M. P., Hermaya, P., & Rahman, Y. A. (2023). Kajian Yuridis Perlindungan Data Pribadi Masyarakat yang Dicatut Calon Peserta Pemilu 2024. PALAR (Pakuan Law Review), 9(3), 11–23.

Dinev, T., & Hart, P. (2004). Internet privacy, social awareness, and Internet technical literacy. An exploratory investigation.

Dorraji, S. E., & Barcys, M. (2014). Privacy in digital age: Dead or alive?! Regarding the new EU data protection regulations. Social Technologies, 4(2), 292–305.

Dwijayanti, R., & Edwinarta, C. D. (2023). The Citizenship Criterias for the Candidacy in Indonesian General Election: The Formality of Validation Process. AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 5(2), 1121–1136.

Erawati, D., Raya, P., & Kompleks, J. G. O. (2020). Effectiveness of Election Socialisation in Increasing the Political Literacy of Society in Central Kalimantan. 533–546.

European Environment Agency. (2019). Open data and e-government good practices for fostering environmental information sharing and dissemination. https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/a_to_i/Joint_UNECEEEA_workshop/Draft_OD_EGOV_GP_.pdf.

Gross, M. L., Canetti, D., & Vashdi, D. R. (2017). Cyberterrorism: its effects on psychological well-being, public confidence and political attitudes. Journal of Cybersecurity, 3(1), 49–58.

Grzymek, V., & Puntschuh, M. (2019). Was Europa über Algorithmen weiß und denkt: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsumfrage. Bertelsmann Stiftung.

Henriksen-Bulmer, J., & Jeary, S. (2016). Re-identification attacks—A systematic literature review. International Journal of Information Management, 36(6), 1184–1192.

Höchtl, J., Parycek, P., & Schöllhammer, R. (2016). Big data in the policy cycle: Policy decision making in the digital era. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 26(1–2), 147–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2015.1125187

Höper, L., & Schulte, C. (2023). The data awareness framework as part of data literacies in K-12 education. Information and Learning Sciences.

Hulland, J., & Houston, M. B. (2020). Why systematic review papers and meta-analyses matter: An introduction to the special issue on generalizations in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48, 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-

Jaeger, D., Graupner, H., Sapegin, A., Cheng, F., & Meinel, C. (2015). Gathering and analyzing identity leaks for security awareness. Technology and Practice of Passwords: International Conference on Passwords, PASSWORDS’14, Trondheim, Norway, December 8-10, 2014, Revised Selected Papers 7, 102–115.

Jeske, D., & Van Schaik, P. (2017). Familiarity with Internet threats: Beyond awareness. Computers & Security, 66, 129–141.

Jun, S.-P., Yoo, H. S., & Choi, S. (2018). Ten years of research change using Google Trends: From the perspective of big data utilizations and applications. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 130, 69–87.

Kam, J., Stowers, K., & Kim, S. (2019). Monitoring of drought awareness from google trends: a case study of the 2011–17 California drought. Weather, Climate, and Society, 11(2), 419–429.

Kobach, K. W. (2012). Why Opponents are Destined to Lose the Debate on Photo ID and Proof of Citizenship Laws: Simply Put-People Want Secure and Fair Elections. Syracuse L. Rev., 62, 1.

Laskowski, P. P. (2017). Internet security–technology and social awareness of the dangers. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric, 50(1), 239–252.

Lubis, M., & Lubis, A. R. (2018). Dealing with voters’ privacy preferences and readiness in electronic voting. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 11(3), 994–1003.

Lyon, D., & Bennett, C. J. (2008). Playing the ID Card: Understanding the Significance of Identity Card Systems. In C. J. Bennett & D. Lyon (Eds.), Playing the Identity Card: Surveillance, Security and Identification in Global Perspective (pp. 3–20,). Routledge.

Maad, Z. H. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Data Pribadi Masyarakat Dalam Pendaftaran Dan Verifikasi Partai Politik Sebagai Peserta Pemilihan Umum. Wajah Hukum, 7(2), 584–593.

Michael, C., Diana, F., & Kate, J. (2014). How government can promote open data and help unleash over $3 trillion in economic value. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/how-

Müller-Peters, H. (2020). Big data: Chancen und Risiken aus Sicht der Bürger. In S. Knorre, M.-P. H, & F. Wagner (Eds.), Die Big-Data-Debatte. Chancen und Risiken der Digital Vernetzten Gesellschaft (pp. 137–193). Springer.

Murti, A., & Rizkika, S. (2023). Dinamika Manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam Membangun Asas Netralitas Menjelang Pemilihan Umum 2024. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(2), 5736–5747.

Newman, G. R., & McNally, M. M. (2005). Identity theft literature review.

OECD. (2019). Engaging users: Promoting awareness and re-use of open government data’. In Government at a Glance 2019. OECD Publishing.

Palmatier, R. W., Houston, M. B., & Hulland, J. (2018). Review articles: Purpose, process, and structure. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 11747–017–0563–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/

Pandey, A. J., Liando, D. M., & Pioh, N. R. (2023). Efektivitas Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Partai Politik dalam Tahapan Verifikasi Faktual Kepengurusan dan Keanggotaan Partai Politik Peserta Pemilihan Umum 2024 di Komisi Pemilihan Umum Kota Tomohon. GOVERNANCE, 3(2).

Paul, J., & Criado, A. R. (2020). The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know? International Business Review, 29(4), 101717.

Reuter, O. R. A. J., & Szakonyi, D. (2013). Online Social Media and Political Awareness in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press, September, 29–51. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123413000203

Rocha Flores, W., Holm, H., Svensson, G., & Ericsson, G. (2014). Using phishing experiments and scenario-based surveys to understand security behaviours in practice. Information Management & Computer Security, 22(4), 393–406.

Rosanti, R. (2020). Pandemic at the polls: how to prepare the elections post COVID-19 (towards Indonesia Local Elections in 2020). Academia Praja: Jurnal Ilmu Politik, Pemerintahan, Dan Administrasi Publik, 3(02), 147–167.

Samihardjo, R., Widyatama, U., Murnawan, M., Widyatama, U., Lestari, S., & Widyatama, U. (2021). E-Voting in Indonesia Election : Challenges and Opportunities. December. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.06.24

Sander, I. (2020). Critical big data literacy tools—Engaging citizens and promoting empowered internet usage. Data & Policy, 2, e5.

Scott, G. G. (2021). A Literature Review of Online Identity Reconstruction. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(August). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.696552

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology : An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104(July), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Sultan, W. F., Tamma, S., & Yunus, A. (2022). Perbandingan Verifikasi Peserta Pemilu Tahun 2019 dan 2024. Palita: Journal of Social Religion Research, 7(2), 151–166.

Sung, C. S., & Park, J. Y. (2021). Understanding of blockchain-based identity management system adoption in the public sector. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(5), 1481–1505.

Tangkilisan, W., Meidy, J., Sjam, E., & Supriadi, T. (2022). Legal Problems Of The Misuse Of Electronic Identification Card ( E-Ktp ) Data In The Indonesian General Election. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(6), 5851–5866.

Tsulukidze, M., Nyman-Metcalf, K., Tsap, V., Pappel, I., & Draheim, D. (2019). Aspects of Personal Data Protection from State and Citizen Perspectives–Case of Georgia. Digital Transformation for a Sustainable Society in the 21st Century: 18th IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society, I3E 2019, Trondheim, Norway, September 18–20, 2019, Proceedings 18, 476–488.

van Ooijen, C., Ubaldi, B., & Welby, B. (2019). A data-driven public sector: Enabling the strategic use of data for productive, inclusive and trustworthy governance.

Wisanggeni, A. S. T. (2021). Sistem Informasi Partai Politik (Sipol) Dalam Verifikasi. Electoral Governance Jurnal Tata Kelola Pemilu Indonesia, 2(2), 204–223.

Wulandari, M., & Herawati, N. R. (2023). Implementation of the SIAKBA Application Sub-District Election Committee Admission Committee at the Semarang City General Election Commission. PERSPEKTIF, 12(2), 471–478.

Yani, A. A., Yunus, A. Y., Latief, M. I., Yani, A. A., Yunus, A. Y., & Latief, M. I. (2017). Participation Dynamics of Voters Using ID Card in Local Elections : A Case Study of the 2015 Local Election in South Sulawesi. 41–56. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.28700

Yates, S. J., Carmi, E., Lockley, E., Pawluczuk, A., French, T., & Vincent, S. (2020). Who are the limited users of digital systems and media? An examination of UK evidence. First Monday, 25(7).

Zulfitri, Aermadepa, & Arianto, E. (2023). Pertanggung Jawaban Pidana Partai Politik Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anggota Partai Politik (Studi Kasus Putusan Pidana Nomor: 130/PID. SUS/TPK/2017/PN JKT. PST). YUSTISI, 10(2), 312–321.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31506/jog.v9i1.23854